Essay on Mozart and Beethoven - 2563 Words

Music Appreciation May 2010 Mozart and Beethoven Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven are two of the greatest composers ever to write music. Both men lived in the early 18th and 19th century, but their music and influences are still felt today. The men faced similar experiences, yet they both lead very different lives. All together the pieces that these men composed amounts to over 300 published, and unpublished works of art. The people of their time period often had mixed feelings about these men, some â€Å"complained that Mozart’s music presented them with too many ideas and that his melodies moved from one to the next faster than audiences could follow, yet the ideas themselves seem effortless and natural, clear and†¦show more content†¦Wolfgang was busy during his childhood, playing, and practicing his music; he did not get much of a chance to really experience being a child. His father was constantly pushing him to be better, to play hard, and to make more money. Mozart and his father were eviden tly close, there are many different views to how Leopold fathered his children; some say he was a money hungry truant, others say he was sweet, sensitive, wanted the best for his children, and that the money didn’t matter. I believe that Leopold want the best for his children, and maybe a little money out of it. Eventually, Mozart wanted to leave his native home of Salzburg, he was most likely tired of his father constantly trying to control his life. Having knowledge of the lack of jobs in Vienna, and disregarding his fathers pleads, Mozart left his home anyways, heading for Vienna with no steady job. Playful and boyish were just two characteristics Mozart exhibited. He was also described as being eccentric, rebellious, intelligent and quick-witted. He had a difficult time making the transition to adulthood. He was also said to be a compulsive gambler, and was in debt by the early 1790s. Ludwig van Beethoven’s father, Johann van Beethoven was a musician, teacher, and a singer. His father started giving him piano lesson’s at the age of 4 or 5. Beethoven’s father was all about exploiting his young son’s talents; he even lied aboutShow MoreRelatedMozart vs. Beethoven Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesArts and Culture 2 Mozart vs. Beethoven Paper 3/21/12 Mozart vs. Beethoven In the 18th century, the middle class made a lot more money. During the Classical Period, the middle class had a tremendous influence on music. They wanted to hear concertos and symphonies. They wanted their children to learn great music and play instruments. The composers began writing music that was geared towards the middle class because they could make a better living if they enjoyed the music being played. TheyRead MoreMozart And Beethoven s Musical Origins1651 Words   |  7 PagesHaydn began his musical career as a choirboy in Vienna up until the age of 17. Mozart and Beethoven’s musical origins are similar, both coming from families with musical backgrounds. Mozart’s father taught him and his sister before taking them to tour throughout Europe. Beethoven also studied with his father before receiving his study abroad opportunity in Vienna in 1792. After serving as a choirboy, Haydn found himself in need of a means to make a living. He was barely able to support himselfRead MoreMozart and Beethoven: A Comparison of Lives and Music Essay1488 Words   |  6 PagesMozart and Beethoven: A Comparison of Lives and Music In 1747 Leopold Mozart married Maria Anna Pertl. Leopold and Maria Anna would have seven children, two of who would survive. Maria Anna born in 1752 who the family called Nannerl . Then in 1756 Wolfgang Amadeus who was nicknamed Wolfgangerl. Wolfgang Amadeus was not his original birth name it was shortened to this from Joannes Chrisostomos Wolfgangus Gottlieb. It is little wonder even two of the children survived; â€Å"Given Leopolds insistenceRead MoreEssay on Ludwig Van Beethoven and W.A. Mozart638 Words   |  3 PagesLudwig Van Beethoven and W.A. Mozart Ludwig Van Beethoven and W.A. Mozart are the two most important musicians of their time. Their pieces are everlasting and will live on forever. Their styles are so unique and uplifting that they could never be matched. These masterminds played in the same time period but their lives differed tremendously. There are some similarities and many differences between these two but one fact will remain: They are the central and most vital part of all music. WolfgangRead MoreA Clockwork Orange By Anthony Burgess2443 Words   |  10 Pagesit is used to show how music impacts Alex to commit these acts of violence. Critics say, â€Å"Alex’s absolute fascination for his beloved â€Å"Ludwig van† — Beethoven, that is — may seem surprising, but it is Burgess’ shrewd way of insinuating that both artistic greatness and delinquent aggression may have the same root† (Gottlieb). Burgess includes Beethoven consistently throughout the novel as the reason why Alex is motivated to be violent. He proves that just because one is violent it does not mean theyRead More The Lasting Musical Impact of Ludwig Van Beethoven and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart2527 Words   |  11 Pages Many people compare the musical works of Ludwig Van Beethoven and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart because of the styles of music that they produced. They were also similar because of their age and the music period in which they created in. Thr oughout their lives these two composers had vastly different customs and behaviors. Each composer contributed to their own unique styles of music, however they continue to be a musical inspiration in today’s world. Many people of the early classical music periodRead MoreEssay about Analysis of Beethoven Symphony 3 and Mozart Symphony 403307 Words   |  14 PagesBeethoven Symphony No. 3 and Mozart Symphony 40 Forms Sonata form is one of the more popular forms of music that is found in a variety of different works including symphonies, concertos, and sonatas. Sonata form features three distinct sections: the exposition, development, and recapitulation. Mozart was one of the early composers of this form of music. I will examine the clear distinctions between each section and how he does not stray from the typical form. In later years the form would changeRead MoreThe Life and Works of Ludwig van Beethoven Essay657 Words   |  3 PagesLudwig van Beethoven has had a huge impact on musical events. He began his works in the classical era; this era lasted from about 1750 to around the 1800. His musical career started when he was very young, he spent many years studying with Hayden Vienna where he spent the rest of his life. Beethoven is widely known for his nine symphonies and the creativity each one brought. Through this essay we will learn many things about Beethoven and his works. A symphony for starters is a musical compositionRead MoreThe History And Transitions Of Music933 Words   |  4 Pagesmusic has had many talented persons that have influenced music but none are so well known as Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven. All three of these great composers performed during the Classic period and it would act as the base of classic music for the next one hundred and fifty, to two hundred years. The names of Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven are so well known that people who have little to no knowledge of music will recognize their names. The urban communities of AustriaRead More Beethoven Essay886 Words   |  4 PagesBeethoven Ludwig van Beethoven was, and remains today, an influential figure in the history of classical music. Perhaps no other composer in history wrote music of such inspiring power and expressiveness. His influence on the last 150 years of music is unequalled. Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770. His father, a music enthusiast, dreamed of molding his son into the next Mozart. Beethoven never showed the impressive characteristics of Mozart, but he was unusually talented, learning

Difference Between Family Dinners And Dinner Dinners

Ethnography is a research method that includes cultures and customs. The way people interact with one another varies from person to person or group to group. The interactions between people tell a great deal about their feelings towards a person. Body language, tone of voice, vocabulary, and the way a person carries themself reveals much deeper information than just when words are exchanged. For this project I am going to research the difference between family dinners and roommate dinners (home away from home). Many people who attend college have heard the phrase or expression â€Å"a home away from home† or some variation of this. This phrase was researched through using an actual family and a â€Å"family† of four teenage girls who currently live together off-campus at Indiana University in Bloomington, Indiana. The dynamic of two different â€Å"families† led to several different findings throughout the ethnographic research. There was an expected power dynami c between the actual family, but a very unexpected power dynamic between the four roommates. The concept of power was then further researched throughout this project to draw conclusions about men, women, rapport-talk, and report-talk. This ethnography research was proposed based off readings from the authors of Tannen and Kiesling. Tannen discusses the differences between the way men and women communicate with one another. During this ethnography project, there was one situation recorded with a male present and one without. MenShow MoreRelatedEating Dinner At Home Or Eating Out?894 Words   |  4 Pagesworld, making the decision to have dinner is not as easy as one would think. Choosing to stay at home and fix dinner or deciding on eating out is a choice between contrasting factors on what fits your lifestyle the best. Family, economics, and lifestyle are all factors involved in if you decide to stay at home and eat, or go and eat out. Eating dinner at home can be a time of unplugging and connecting to everyone in the family. Keeping the closeness of family, but doing this involves time and planningRead MoreEating Dinner At Home And Dinner913 Words   |  4 Pagespaced world making the decision to have dinner is not as easy as one would think. Choosing to stay at home and fix dinner or deciding on eating out is a choice between contrasting factors on what fits your life style the best. Family, economic, and lifestyle are all factors involved in if you decide to stay at home and eat, or go and eat out. Eating dinner at home can be a time of unplugging and connecting to everyone in the family. Keeping the closeness of family, but doing this involves time and planningRead MoreThe Importance of Family Dinners1454 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Dinners: The effect is has on our children Midterm Project Kaplan University Research Methods in Criminal Justice CJ490 Abstract _There are countless studies of teens in our society who commit violent crimes. This study will show having family meals opens the lines of communication between teens and their parents. Through this communication parents will increase the chances of their teen doing well in school and preventcrime and teen pregnancies. _ Family Dinners: The effect is has onRead MoreFinal Exam1431 Words   |  6 Pagesfamous restaurant was founded in 1898 by Herman Joseph Berghoff and was still run by the Berghoff family. We entered the restaurant at 3:10 P.M. were escorted to a table and presented with a menu which said, Saturday Luncheon Menu. Apparently dinner begins at 4:00 P.M. at the Berghoff. Thinking that the prices were lower than I had remembered for past dinners at the Berghoff, I requested a Saturday dinner menu and compared some prices with the following result. The luncheon menu had prices for SauerbratenRead MoreEating Together, By Barbara Fiese And Marlene Sehwartz967 Words   |  4 Pagesknow that habitual family dinner as a norm has a surprising change on children’s life? Sharing meals as a family is the most influential activity that can prevent the weakening of societies. Indeed, the successful family is the core that builds stronger societies. Everyone needs to eat. Barbara Fiese and Marlene Sehwartz illustrate that â€Å"Shared mealtimes are an immensely symbolic event, not only for specific families, but as a barometer of community health† (â€Å"Reclaiming the family†). However, it isRead MoreTheoretical Perspectives Used By Sociologists925 Words   |  4 PagesThere are five theoretical perspectives used by sociologists in their r esearch: symbolic interaction, rational choice, structural functionalism, social conflict, and feminist. Actions of the family members in Family Dinner Date video can be explained by each of these theories. According to the symbolic interaction theory, people behave and communicate in a particular group in a proper way, the way that is suitable for that group. Moreover, they do not only communicate and act in response to the environmentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Magical Dinners And Tripp Lake 999 Words   |  4 PagesLee’s essay â€Å"Magical Dinners† and Slater’s â€Å"Tripp Lake† are two stories that allows you to see different situations that involve a parent and a child. They both struggle with different things one being with dramatic life changes that come with being a foreigner moving to the united states and one being a childhood camp experience and the mothers maternal fear of the daughter.In Magical Dinners it showcases the story of the authors mother and the frustrations of living in a place with unfamiliarRead MoreFood and Drink in England1457 Words   |  6 Pagessimilarities such as the main courses of breakfast, lunch, and dinner such a s our choices of diet over the centuries has changed. But differences such as tea time, which is a very important social time in England, and their choice for there diet is different from ours. These things set our cultures differently when it comes to food and drink. Their first main course of the day in England is breakfast. Breakfast is usually eaten between seven to nine am. People in England usually have two typesRead MoreAnalogy Assignment1174 Words   |  5 Pageswe think of today. In this illustration by Chris Ware of a Thanksgiving dinner, Chris wants to illustrate to the viewers of a family from the nineteen-forty’s and contrast the family with another family from the two-thousand era. The cover was published in the year 2006 around the time of the Afghan-Iraqi war in the Middle-East and, to me, it seems like Chris wants you to see how families interacted back then and how families interact now. There are a decent amount of subtle images within these twoRead MoreI Volunteered At The Heart Of Illinois Down Syndrome1092 Words   |  5 Pagesand in some people it causes health problems.† My cousin, Brian, has Down Syndrome and has been one of the biggest blessings in my life. On Sunday October 9, 2016, in Peoria, Illinois, I volunteered at the Heart of Illinois Down Syndrome spaghetti dinner. The food is donated from LaGondola Spaghetti House. There is a live raffle, as well as a silent auction. Throughout the afternoon and evening, there is a 50/50 raffle along with live entertainment. This is a non-profitable fundraiser. The money that

Robots in the Society Free Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Write a report on Robots in the Society and the end of Manual labour for Humans. Answer: Robots in the Society the End of Manual Labour for Humans Most of the technological innovations have created an impact on the life of human at numerous scenarios in history. The wheel invention as well as machines which presented the industrial revolution, these inventions have made a great advancement in the 20th century and have left traces in lives of people resolute the way society has moved since that time. The essay deals with the history of robotics, various advantages disadvantages of this technology and how this technology has created an influence on the society (Blasi, Freeman Kruse, 2013). Technological developments its impact on human society can be analysed in retrospect. It cannot be predicted, if a certain invention will transform the world. For instance, the invention of mobile phones has influenced our lives much more than the Apollo missions to the moon. As per the history, it has been clearly depicted that the mobiles would not have been developed without the knowledge of IT that inventers had made in the industries such as aerospace. Hence, viewing in the past, may assist us to evaluate the potential impacts of innovative technologies, such as robotics. The modern robots capacity performance is increasing continually that forces universities, colleges schools to integrate such technologies into their schedules. Historical Overview Egyptian Greek history may showcase the origins of modern robotics, when individuals had the idea of intelligent mechanisms. The Babylonian Water Clock, the clepsydra is known as the first robotic application in in the mankind history. Comparable works were seen in China. When it reached to the middle Ages, many of the mechanical arrangements were designed by engineers such as Leonardo da Vincis case or clocks, a first human made robot. These inventions and also the later inventions play a significant role in the history of robot, since they showcase how individuals believed about mechanical potentials, however they have not created a big influence on the our society. This influence was instigated thru the industrial revolution of 19th 18th century (Hounshell, 2014). Industrial Environments Robotic Devices Numerous innovations have transformed the significant industries forever throughout the 18th century mostly in the second half of it. For example, in the textile industry, 3 researchers had a great impact on the techniques of spinning. Richard Arkwright invented the water frame, James Hargreaves invented spinning jenny both these inventions were combined by Samuel Crompton in his Spinning Mule, which was lastly patented in 1783. Obviously, these developments lead to profits for people. From then onwards cotton mills assisted to yield different variety of textiles, in bigger amount with quicker speed that resulted in the cheaper final products by any consumer (Pecchi Piga, 2008). In 1775, steam engine by James Watt created a related influence on the industry. Initially, it was utilized to provide power to the pumps which required water from the mines; it shortly developed as an effective power source for other machineries as well. Now, organizations, are capable of building factories in places without waterpower. Such factories, quickly become semi-automated bigger, also impacted the way work was done by individuals. Human labour in the workshops were organized in such a way that individuals were provided with trainings to handle special tasks of the process later deliver the products to subsequent employee wholl be performing his work. Such changes in the working process are viewed as the assembly lines birth, which expanded greater significance in the following centuries decades (Christensen, 2007). Robots Humans Robots have emerged over the future of labour for decades, at least since robotic arm in early 1960s began replacing auto workers on the assembly line. According to optimists, there would be more economic growth higher productivity because of more robots, whereas according to complaints from pessimists, massive swaths of the labour forces would see their possibilities of employment robotic out of existence. Both the sides have a point, however there is also other way of looking at this apparently inevitable trend. Both these scenarios could be considered right. As more more of the work is done by the robots as compared to the work humans used to do, and all these work is done with much more efficiency than humans used to do, it might result in requirement of jobs disappearing altogether. There might be situation where robots end up manufacturing more than enough of all the things which are required by everyone. The redefinition of work itself is amongst most interesting opportunities imagines in the recent report of Pew Research about the jobs robots future. Unquestionably, the prospect of a post-scarcity, robot-powered, future of obligatory mass leisure seems like a far-off scenario, an edge case even then. In current scenario, safeguarding that each one has adequate mostly looks harder for humans to achieve instead of manufacturing sufficient in the first place. However, assuming a future which seems more similar to a Star Trek Blade Runner; many individuals might turn out having much more time in their hands. In such a scenario, robots will just not only take our jobs; they will be forcing us to challenge a main existential dilemma: what would we do, if we dont have to work anymore? (Needham, 2009) The answer to this question is both a qualitative quantitative exercise in describing what makes the human intelligence different from the artificial intelligence, an explanation which appears to keep becoming narrower. And at the end, we may be able to find out that a job-free robotized future seems to be quite more dangerous than it looks (Snyder, 2013). Humanity as a Service One dominant answer kind of escapes the question, however it looks line one amongst the most believable results. There might be a case where in at first place, many of the jobs cannot be automated. Numerous respondents stumped by Pew consider that the requirement for human labour would continue, since numerous of our basic human qualities would be difficult to code. According to Phew, computers are not smart enough; they are just huge calculators. They are capable of doing things which need logic; however, logic is only a part of human mind (Angelo, 2007). Humans would endure to be valuable workers; the argument goes, since things such as creative thinking, judgement, creativity empathy. Considering a common experience of calling a representative of a customer service, where employees are forced by employers them to follow a script (a type of pseudo-automation). When asked to follow a decision tree in the similar kind, a computer could, all 4 of those talents are sucked out of the communication the service provided inclines to fuss. There is no chance to exercise critical thinking, judgment, empathy or creativity. Its an AI problem to detect a complaint. Its an AP problem to send the complaints to the right customer service entity, however customer service itself is a human problem (Robert, 2006). Generally, the type of employments that respondents forecasted humans could still be required to do intricate communications with other individuals. Education, healthcare child elder caring would still be seen as occupation which will still need a human touch. The fields where human interference is significant would be changed less than those where interference is nil or less significant (Nilsson, 2010). Future options of jobs might even spread beyond the caring professions to comprise work which the fluid integration of body mind still make it most effectual for performance of humans. Conclusion The idea that robots would generate employment itself elective might seems to be amazing. No more work! However, the consequence at the end might be more, not less anguish. We need to still find out a place for ourselves amongst the robots. By excluding the requirement for individuals to work, robots will make us free so as to pay attention on what actually makes us human. References Christensen, A. G. (16. November 2007). The Literary Encyclopedia. https://www.litencyc.com/php/speople.php?rec=trueUID=728 Angelo, J. A. (2007). Robotics: a reference guide to the new technology. Santa Barbara, United States: Libraries Unlimited. Needham, J. (2009). Science and civilisation in China. Cambridge, Great Britain: Cambridge University Press. Nilsson J. N. (2010). The Quest for Artificial Intelligence. Stanford, United States: Cambridge University Press. Hounshell, David A. (2014), The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States, ISBN 978-0-8018-2975-8 Robert Lacey, Ford 2006 - Little, Brown Company ISBN: 0316511668 Blasi, J. R., R. B. Freeman, and D. L. Kruse. The Citizens Share: Putting Ownership back in Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013 Snyder, M. Robots and computers could take half our jobs within the next 20 years. The Economic Collapse, September 30, 2013. Online at: https://theeconomiccollapseblog.com/archives/oxfordprofessors-nearly-half-our-jobs-could-be-automated-within-the-next-20-years Pecchi, L., and G. Piga (eds). Revisiting Keynes: Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. OECD Employment Outlook 2012. Paris: OECD, 2012

Law in a Business Context Essays - Economy, Law, Business

Law in a Business Context Employment law research Marek Pongo | @00388578 Table of Content 1.0 Introduction P.2 2.0 Employee Status P.2 3.0 Three Employee Tests P.3/4 4.0 Test selection in Courts P.4/5 5.0 Conclusion . P.5 6.0 Reference List . P.5 1.0 Introduction In this report, I will evaluate and define what is employee status test with a detailed case laws that abstract the term of an "employee status test". Secondly there will be explanation of the three-employee status test that are currently presented on courts and also defined with academic reference/case laws. And lastly regarding the three tests I will analyze which test is currently being followed by the courts, again with supported case law example. 2.0 Employee Status When it comes to employment and and the status, firstly we need to define what is an employment and how does it work. Employment connects with the contract where agreement is created, forming basis of a relationship employment. Enforceable by the law, contract can be express in oral or in writing method: (Employment Rights Act 1996 s 230(2) and originate immediately. From written contracts, it requires employee's signature and the signature of an organization representative. As Ewan Macintyre (2014) stated "People employed under a contract of employment, or a contract of service' as such a contract is commonly known, are employees" Example above, written by Ewan Macintyre and published in 2014. The phrase "People employed under a contract of employment, or a contract of service' as such a contract is commonly known, are employees" appears on page 590 of the book written in reference list. Those who provides services on under a contract of employment are classed as an independent contractor. (Ewan, 2014) Employees and independent contractor distinct from several reasons. First, terms that applied to contracts of employment are not implied into independent contractors. Then employers can be critically liable for offences that's committed by employees during the process of employment. However, offences of independent contractors are not generally liable. Lastly majority of employees consult on their protection rights only upon employees. (Ewan, 2014) 3.0 Three employee tests To define and distinct employee's identity and rights, the courts has developed for both employees and independent contractors three main tests, over the past years. The first test is the Control Test, second is "Integration test and last one is Economic Reality test. (Ewan, 2014) Control Test This test assumes and conduct, that employees are in the position of being told not to do it and how to do it, in other words from Ewan's Book, (2014) "held that employees could not only be told what to do but they could also be told how to do it". However independent contractors were in the position to be told for achievement's purposes. But it was on contractor's power on whatever method to fit on these purposes. The test has not work well, specifically on skilled employees, so further tests has been made. This example was written and defined by Ewan Macintyre, published in 2014. The phrase "held that employees could not only be told what to do but they could also be told how to do it" is available at page 590 in the book written in reference list. Integration Test Stevenson Jordan and Harrison Ltd v Macdonald and Evans (1952) 1 TLR 101 Denning LJ has evolved an integration test, where on under a contract of service (contract of employment) a person that is employed as a part of the business progress and his working process is completed, on the integral level of the business. But under a contract of services, a contract made by the independent contractor. The work, that has been for the business is not integrated into it, but classed as an accessory. The test has worked better than the previous test, because certain skilled employees like surgeons acts in the control when it comes to operate the patients, surgeons has their own power of control therefore the test has been flexible and procedures has been followed. LJ (1952) clearly stated that "employees were part and parcel of the organization' whereas independent contractors were not" (Ewan, 2014) Citate above is written by Ewan and LJ, published in 2014. Phrase above "employees were part and parcel of the organization' whereas independent contractors were not" can

Women Rights essays

Women Rights essays Women rights have gained greater attention with feminist activities and call for liberation of women. The consistent and gradual erosion of patriarchic system is the only way true liberation can be attained. The efforts made for women rights have been impressive but the progress in this connection is still marred by serious issues and ugly incidents. In the Middle East, women are still suffering grave gender discrimination on regular basis. Violence against women is a common problem and though it is also a big issue in the West, in the Middle East it doesnt get any attention, which makes it pervasive. Lack of education can be cited as one of the main reasons why violence continues to exist in this society. We can argue that had lack of education been the only problem, then women in the west would have never suffered abuse. But the real issue at hand is endurance or tolerance of abuse. In the Middle Eastern societies, women continue to endure violence silently seldom raising voice if ever. On the other hand, women in the West have been consistently making efforts to highlight the issue and seek appropriate resolution of the problem. Lack of education however has not been addressed aptly in the Middle East. Women are not allowed to drive in some countries including Saudi Arabia; they are not allowed to vote even though they have access to all modern amenities including Internet, television and cable TV. Education or lack of it thereof is purposely being used as a weapon of oppression and suppression. In every corner of the world, it has been noticed that when a certain section had to be oppressed, it was denied its right to quality education. Education is seen as the catalyst for change and this weapon is not offered to women in the Middle East. How are lack of education and violence connected? This question comes to the mind when we read this article and the related theories. Violence is always a sign of oppression against th...

Chalicotherium Facts and Figures

Chalicotherium Facts and Figures Name: Chalicotherium (Greek for pebble beast); pronounced CHA-lih-co-THEE-ree-um Habitat: Plains of Eurasia Historical Epoch: Middle-Late Miocene (15-5 million years ago) Size and Weight: About nine feet high at the shoulder and one ton Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Horse-like snout; clawed feet; longer front than hind legs About Chalicotherium Chalicotherium is a classic example of the bizarre megafauna of the Miocene epoch, about 15 million years ago: this gigantic mammal is virtually unclassifiable, having left no direct living descendants. We do know that Chalicotherium was a perissodactyl (that is, a browsing mammal possessing an odd number of toes on its feet), which would make it a distant relative of modern horses and tapirs, but it looked (and probably behaved) like no plus-sized mammal alive today. The most notable thing about Chalicotherium was its posture: its front legs were significantly longer than its hind legs, and some paleontologists believe that it brushed the knuckles of its front hands along the ground when it walked on all fours, a bit like a modern gorilla. Unlike todays perissodactyls, Chalicotherium had claws instead of hooves, which it probably used to rope in vegetation from tall trees (a bit like another prehistoric mammal it vaguely resembled, the giant sloth Megalonyx, which lived a few million years later). Another odd thing about Chalicotherium is its name, Greek for pebble beast. Why would a mammal that weighed at least a ton be named after a pebble, rather than a boulder? Simple: the chalico part of its moniker refers to this beasts pebble-like molars, which it used to grind down the soft vegetation of its Eurasian habitat. (Since Chalicotherium shed its front teeth during adulthood, leaving it bereft of incisors and canines, this megafauna mammal was clearly unsuited to eating anything except fruits and tender leaves.) Did Chalicotherium have any natural predators? Thats a tough question to answer; clearly, a full-grown adult would have virtually impossible for a single mammal to kill and eat, but sick, aged and juvenile individuals may have been preyed on by contemporary bear dogs like Amphicyon, especially if this distant canine ancestor had the ability to hunt in packs!

Tom, Doris, Noel and John Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tom, Doris, Noel and John - Essay Example A child is not competent to give sworn evidence, but capable of giving evidence that is unsworn, if the court has a satisfaction that the child knows the difference between truth and lies, the court briefs the child on the importance of telling the truth, the child responded appropriately that he/ she will not tell lies in the proceedings. It also dictates that this process should be done through asking straightforward questions in things such as their age, name schooling and favorable past times among others. Therefore, if all these turn positive then the court can call the child as a witness2. In reference to the above mentioned procedures, the court in this case may call tom in as a witness if he passes the competence test a responded positively to question of giving the truth. However, the court cannot call Tom as a witness if he does not show positivity to the mentioned procedures. Hear say witness A witness is who has seen, has a claim, of by someone in authority thinks of a pe rson, to have knowledge that the court might find relevant to a case. The information given may either be willingly or under compulsion. A hear say witness is one who testifies on account of what someone else says3. There are many limitations in most court proceedings on whether the information given by a hearsay witness is admissible. There are a number of governing principles towards admissibility of a hearsay witness. This depends on the part that delivered the information to the hearsay witness. If the eye witness cannot clearly recall the happening at the crime scene, and had mentioned them to another person immediately after the occurrence, and the other party can clearly recall what was mentioned then a hearsay witness can facilitate the case4. In reference to the case, Tom’s mother can testify if tom is unable to give the correct chronology of occurrences. This is possible because tom is a child and can easily forget what he had seen, though he was present at the crim e scene. However, if Tom will be capable of giving the correct information, then his mother will not be required to give her testimony based on what her son told her. Compelling a witness After a law suit is filed, a witness that refuses to appear before the court can be forced to come. This is known as compelling. The person has to the first object to the request of appearing before the court. If this happens, the judge writes a subpoena to the witness. This happens in cases that the testimony of the victim is highly crucial. If there is an order compelling someone to court, and he or she defies it, the court has the power to appropriately assign punishment to the person. One of the most thing that the court does is making the side the side of the witness lose the case. In reference to law, the court has the authority to summon Anna. Failure to adhere to the subpoena, Anna will receive the lawful assigned punishment. Most probably, she will have to risk her husband going to jail be cause she is the only one able to justify his claims about his location referring to the accusation time5. Expert evidence The law provides for the intervention of expert analysis. Experts and those instructing them must have regards, to guidance provisions in the protocols for instructions of experts in giving evidence. First, the expert assists the court in creating objectives and unbiased opinions and must not assume the role of the advocate. Experts must consider all materials facts including those which might be

Theories of International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Theories of International Relations - Essay Example 42). As a result of the complexity in international relations, this field of study has attracted numerous scholars who come up with theories to explain international behavior among states. For most theorists of international relations the state is the primary player that determines the direction in international matters. Olson and Groom (1992, pp. 274) state that the policies adopted by a certain state go along way into shaping its relationship with other states, thus molding international relations. The field of international relations widely accepts anarchy as one of the possible explanations for behavior in international politics. Different theorists of international relations have varying concepts on the issue of anarchy. To some pessimists, anarchy is totally appalling, while to some optimists, anarchy can be advantageous to a state. More specifically, there is a â€Å"myth† of international anarchy that provides that ‘Anarchy is what states make of it’. Acco rding to Weber (2004, pp. 63) this myth of international relations holds that the outcomes of global anarchy vary from one state to another. This means that one cannot predict how anarchy will affect a given state, since different states have different responses to anarchy. Essentially, anarchy may cause either cooperation or conflicts among states, depending on the policies of each individual state on international behavior (Griffith, 1999; pp. 154). Accordingly, it is critical to have deeper insight into the concept of international anarchy; its meaning, origins, the role it plays in international relations. It essential to consider how individual states have it in their power to shape international relations by choosing the consequences that anarchy is going to have on them and other states they interact with. For most people, especially those not concerned with the study of international relations, the term anarchy is associated with disorganization, violence, and absence of law s to govern the actions of people. This means that most people view anarchy as being characterized by severe social and political instability, meaning that anarchy is a threat to international order and security (Griffiths, 1999; pp. 145). With such a mindset, anarchy is depicted as the very opposite of civilization and most people would rather do without anarchy. However, in the study of international relations, different scholars have different views concerning international anarchy and its consequences on international politics. Some see anarchy as negative, while others see it a positive. Yet for some, international anarchy can have either negative or positive effects or both on a state and in the entire field of international politics. Nevertheless, all theorists of international anarchy agree that anarchy is caused by lack of a universal government. In the field of international relations, anarchy is not necessarily considered a theory; rather it is taken as a myth by theorist s of international relations. Theorists of international anarchy hold that the world is made of sovereign states, each yielding power over its territory, people, and resources. According to Brown (2002, pp. 145,) such a sovereign state holds the ultimate power over its area of jurisdiction and no other authority, whether domestic or international, should challenge its position. Therefore, as far as international politics of anarchy are concerned, all states are sovereign, but the degrees of sovereignty vary from state to state. International independence among states varies, according to the political structures of

Descriptive Essay Example for Free

Descriptive Essay What do I do with my leisure time? Well that’s a funny question, because I don’t have much of it. When I get some extra time I enjoy flying with my good friend Sam. Since Sam is teaching me how to fly, I’ll be able to share all the wonderful and majestic views with you. There’s nothing like a little adrenaline rush at the end of the day. Before we get in the plane, we walk around it, check the oil, the tire pressure and climb up on the wing and open the gas cap on both wings to make sure there is enough fuel. We check the gauges to make sure they work; they always do but that’s all part of inspecting the plane. Once we are done with our preflight inspections we untie the plane and remove the chucks from under the tires. Then we get into the small cockpit. Then we adjust our green leather seats to the proper place, where the seat is comfortable for each one of us; since we do want to be comfortable when flying. The first thing that we do is grab the yoke(the steering wheel) and turn it left and right, and forward and back, to make sure the flight controls are free and correct. When all of that is complete we are ready to turn on the power. Sam turns on the master switch and all the electronics and avionics come on with a beeping or ringing noise. The dashboard looks like a Christmas tree all lit up. Next the key goes in the ignition. That’s when I have to turn the key past the right and left magneto position to start the propeller. Then the propeller goes around a couple of times, which sounds like an oversized fan being turned on, and the plane has been started. He then adjusts his gauges and we put on our head phones. As I put on my headphones I can hear other people talking on the radio. We then tune into the common traffic advisory frequency and we taxi for take-off. In order to take off properly, you have to take off into the wind; so we watch the flag to see which way the wind is blowing. That helps you to determine which runway to use and the direction we will be heading. Then we head to the runway for take-off. Once we are lined up with the proper runway he gives me the nod to let me know we are getting ready for take-off. I let him know that we are ready to go by giving him thumbs up for good luck and a great big cheesy smile. Then he gives the plane full throttle; that’s when the sound of the plane is at full blast. That’s when the fun starts. When our airspeed is around sixty MPH he pulls back on the yoke and we start to leave the smooth landing strip starting towards our beautiful destination. We usually climb out around 400 feet per minute; passing all the beautiful tree tops. On a clear day in about five minutes if we take off from Millville airport, we can see all the wonderful Atlantic City lights in one direction. We’ll also be able to see Philadelphia and Delaware too. When it’s a clear day, preferably almost time for sunset, we usually like to fly over the water. We always get the best views in the world that way of the sunset. Usually that day I’ll bring my camera so I can get some outstanding pictures; I could probably sell those pictures. The unbelievable colors from the water and the sun, it’s just priceless. When it’s a cloudy day we will try to fly up to the clouds and find an opening to fly above the clouds. That’s when the altimeter reads 5000 feet, that’s when I know we reached the place I enjoy the most. You just can’t imagine the beauty in the clouds until you’ve experienced it yourself. No words really can describe the views. That’s my favorite part, not that I don’t enjoy the whole ride, but it is absolutely the most majestic place in the sky, towering clouds everywhere. It’s almost like looking at snowy mountains. He will usually get on the radar at this point since we can’t really see anything around us but clouds. This way we can keep track of every other plane around us. Meanwhile, we are all telling each other over the radio how wonderful the views are. As we continue to take in our unbelievable views we notice it’s starting to get late and we are in need to get fuel also. As we come to the end of our plane ride, we start to head back. On our way back down from the majestic clouds we happen to have a few geese flying parallel with us. They were soaring thru the clouds and all around us. We call into the traffic advisory to make sure the runway is clear for our landing. They let us know we are all clear to make a landing. Then we circle the airport, so we can line up with the runway and get ready for our landing. We then start to descend from our majestic trip up to the clouds; we are coming in fast. We start to see the beautiful tree tops again. We hit the landing strip, it’s a little on the bumpy side, then it starts to smooth out. Then we start to slow down and come to a crawl. We then drive the plane slowly to our parking spot where we park the plane. Then we begin to shut the plane down. We turn the propellers off and all the electronics and avionics off. We then adjust our seats and get out of the plane. Now is the hard part of the whole day. We both have to push the plane back into its parking spot. Then we tie down the plane and put chucks under the wheels. We do this, so if a gust of wind comes through it doesn’t blow the plane away; since that does happen. I would have to say flying is best for leisure time, since this is what I enjoy doing the most when it comes to having leisure time. When it comes to leisure, you are supposed to do something you enjoy doing. That’s why I fly for leisure, since it’s a big adrenaline rush for me but it also is very relaxing for me at the same time. So if you ever want to take a ride with Sam and I just let me know and you’ll get to see all the wonderful things we have seen and some.

An Annotation of Wallace Stevens Of Modern Poetry Essay -- Wallace St

An Annotation of Wallace Stevens' Of Modern Poetry In "Of Modern Poetry," Stevens describes the purpose of modern poetry given what the audience knows and values. Modern poetry must be different from traditional poetry, because people of his time perceive themselves and their world differently than the people of earlier times. Stevens suggests that war, like other changes, have affected what people believe. Poetry must reflect to its audience what they want to hear. It must show them that the order, meaning and value they need is real, in so much as their minds both need it and can create it. OF MODERN POETRY The poem of the mind in the act of finding What will suffice. It has not always had To find: the scene was set; it repeated what Was in the script. Then the theatre was changed To something else. Its past was a souvenir. It has to be living, to learn the speech of the place. It has to face the men of the time and to meet The women of the time. It has to think about war And it has to find what will suffice. It has To construct a new stage. It has to be on that stage And, like an insatiable actor, slowly and With meditation, speak words that in the ear, In the delicatest ear of the mind, repeat, Exactly, that which it wants to hear, at the sound Of which, an invisible audience listens, Not to the play, but to itself, expressed In an emotion as of two people, as of two Emotions becoming one. The actor is A metaphysician in the dark, twanging An instrument, twanging a wiry string that gives Sounds passing through sudden rightnesses, wholly Containing the mind, below which it cannot descend, Beyond which it has no will to rise. It must Be the finding of a satisfaction, and may Be of a man s... ...resent in his poem all specific examples. Therefore, it is interesting to notice that he finds women as representative of humanity as men. Again, this reflects the beliefs of people of his time -- social roles of men and women and social propriety of the past were not held by modern people. Poets must recognize this change and reflect the sensibilities of their audiences. The audience of modern poetry should be the mind, the contents of modern poetry should be from the mind, and the source of modern poetry is the mind of the poet. Humans can act on their ability to create a new conceptual and cultural play derived from values and truths of their minds. Writing modern poetry, likewise is poets acting on their ability to create from the mind and respond to people who have learned to look to themselves for order and meaning. Thus, the poem is of the act of the mind.

Julius Caesar Play Essay

In play, Julius Caesar, it has strength that makes the play a famous play. In the play, we could understand characters emotion and behaviors clearly since it is in their own words instead of a narration. From the text from Cassius’s dialogue,† For my part, I have walked about the streets, submitting me unto the perilous night.† we could emphasizes how Cassius is showing off to Casca the braveness he has. Another point would be the speeches that are introduce in the play. Another example would be in Act 1, scene 2 where Antony comments, â€Å"When Caesar says, do this, it is performed. Sometimes not only the characters dialogue could be recognize as his or her personality and characteristics. In this text by Antony, we could feel the powerful leadership from Caesar. Speeches help a better understanding of each character thought towards different people. Such as the speech that Antony gave where it begins with â€Å"Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your earsâ⠂¬ ¦..† In this speech Antony keep repeating â€Å"Brutus is an honorable man†, this shows sarcasms that Antony is speaking out. While reading this speech, you will find confusions where Antony is criticizing Brutus action but on the other hand he keeps stating that Brutus is an honorable man that opposites other facts. This kind of passage grabs the reader attention to think profoundly. The weakness would be the organization of the plot. I believe the play is moving in a speed what I believe is fast. Fast play makes it difficult to recognize clearly with each scenes and acts. For example from the meeting of conspirators to the death of Julius Caesar flows quite rapid. Between those two scenes, I feel a bit empty cause no way that these conspirators did not planned in a way that they could successfully without any obstacles kill Julius Caesar. The play might improve if the process of planning would be added between those two periods. We might absorb characters; personality and perspective towards this event during their planning. Another example would be the death of Calupurnia. The death news was interrupted abruptly during before the war. Calpurnia played such an important role when comforting Brutus and place a spy on him. This shows the role of women played in Roman however she had passed away in a second where no one has expected. Overall the organization is pretty flow and vivid enough. I like how each scene was isolated by the characters in the play where one side is mainly characters that dislike Caesar and the other side would be characters that supports Caesar. The only error would be the speed of the play that gives no time for readers to vividly understand the story. The descriptions of different characters are the best element in the play. Characters were vividly described as I stated earlier. One more example would be when Cassius stated, â€Å"The torrent roared, and we did buffet it with lusty sinews, throwing it aside and stemming it with hearts of controversy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..or I sink!†Ã¢â‚¬  In this dialogue we could understand two characters’ thoughts and history background. Cassius put up this fact show that he believes Caesar is not as capable as he should be. Another would be the background of Caesar where he was such a weaker. The diaglouge is very interesting because we could see through what each character wanted to express. One of the interesting dialogues was between Antony and Octavious. Octavious argued to refuse the instruction from Antony. Antony begins to realize the similar power between Octavious and Caesar when Octavious insist to follow left instead of right, so Antony called Octavious as Caesar after the argument of the formation.

Ezra Pound in the Imagist Movement

Ezra Pound in the Imagist Movement In the beginning of the 20th century, a poetry style called Imagism was growing. Imagism is derived from Modernism and was created in response to Romanticism. Contrary to Romanticism, Imagist poems consist of brief sentences of dry clarity which painted an exact visual image and poetic statement. Thence leaving little to no room for interpretation due to it's candidness expressing of ideas. Imagism was also a conferrer to the french Symbolist movement, but antithetical to it in that Symbolism analyzes more in music and Imagism more in art and sculpture.In the Imagist Movement belonged a group of poets called Imagists. The main contributors to the poetic style were John Gould Fletcher, Harriet Monroe, Ezra Pound and many others. The most influential poet in the Imagist movement and the most famous was Ezra Pound. Pound, born in Ohio in 1885, completed two years of college at the University of Pennsylvania and earned a degree from Hamilton College in 1905. His work had a major influence in famous poets such as Robert Frost and T. S. Eliot. After graduation, Pound taught for a short time at Wabash College in Indiana and then left forEurope,where he lived most of his life. His first sum of poetry, â€Å"A Lume Spento†, (In which he carried copies to distributed when he moved to London later that year) was published in Venice in1908. His second, â€Å"The Personae of Ezra Pound†, was published in London in 1909 and was immediately acclaimed by critics. Pound wrote more than seventy books, contributed to seventy others, and published more than 1,500 articles. Being an Imagist, Pound had many strict rules to his style of writing. One of which he stressed lyricism and was selective in use of words.A lyrical poem is â€Å"strongly marked by imagination, melody, and emotion, and creates a single, unified impression† (Holman, 1986, p. 283). Pound, as well as all other Imagist poets followed other rules such as using direct treatment of the ‘thing' whether subjective or objective, using absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation, and as regarding rhythm: to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in sequence of a metronome. Another important aspect of Pound's literary career was his large promotion of other writers and artists. He persuaded Harriet Monroe to publish T.S. Eliot's â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,† He was also an early supporter of the Irish novelist James Joyce and helped him in publishing his work in literary magazines before they were published in book form. Pound praised other poets while they were still fairly unknown such as D. H. Lawrence, Robert Frost, and Ernest Hemingway. In all of the Imagist movement, there has been many contributors, poets, and poems. Though Ezra Pound doesn't regard his work to any significant level, it is evident that his work is held at the highest respect of imagist movement and well after his death.

Parents and kids relationships essays

Parents and kids relationships essays "October Sky" by Joe Johnston and "Every Day Use" by Alice Walker's stories deal with parents and kids relationships. John Hickam and a middle-aged woman are parents who find themselves choosing between both of their kids. Dee and Jim are the strongest kids of the family who've followed their parents' expectations. Homer and Maggie are very different from their brother and sister. They have very different goals compare to their brothers and sisters. As consequence their relationship with their parents experience obstacles and conflicts. As readers we capture the distinctions that this parents have between their kids. They treat them differently. The theme that stands the most is based on the relationship between parents and children. John and Walker have learned to accept their kids and the differences that create a different out come from the begging of the story until the end. Hickam and Walker faced conflicts and gained their parents respects by changing their static relationship into dynamic acceptance between them. Homer devotion to rockets and differences between his brothers does not follow his dad's expectations creating conflicts between them and static their relationship as father and son. In "October Sky", the story takes place at a West Virginia mining town during the 1950's. People could only survive working in coalmines. John is a mine superintendent and fully expects Homer to follow his footsteps. He demonstrates to him how much he wants him to become a coal minter and says " homer I was born for this, and I shouldn't be surprise you were to." This creates conflict with his dream of becoming a Rocket Scientists. By winning the science project he would be able to gain a scholarship and becoming a rocket scientist. He follows his dream over passing the problems like when he's arrested for flying his rockets. This makes his father say something he's never said before. In this scene he shows how ...

How to Calculate Activation Energy

How to Calculate Activation Energy Activation energy is the amount of energy that needs to be supplied in order for a chemical reaction to proceed. The example problem below demonstrates how to determine the activation energy of a reaction from reaction rate constants at different temperatures. Activation Energy Problem A second-order reaction was observed. The  reaction rate constant at three degrees Celsius was found to be 8.9 x 10-3 L/mol and 7.1 x 10-2 L/mol at 35 degrees Celsius. What is the activation energy of this reaction? Solution The  activation energy can be determined using the equation:ln(k2/k1) Ea/R x (1/T1 - 1/T2)whereEa the activation energy of the reaction in J/molR the ideal  gas constant 8.3145 J/K ·molT1 and T2 absolute temperatures (in Kelvin)k1 and k2 the reaction rate constants at T1 and T2 Step 1: Convert temperatures from degrees Celsius to KelvinT degrees Celsius 273.15T1 3 273.15T1 276.15 KT2 35 273.15T2 308.15 Kelvin Step 2 - Find Ealn(k2/k1) Ea/R x (1/T1 - 1/T2)ln(7.1 x 10-2/8.9 x 10-3) Ea/8.3145 J/K ·mol x (1/276.15 K - 1/308.15 K)ln(7.98) Ea/8.3145 J/K ·mol x 3.76 x 10-4 K-12.077 Ea(4.52 x 10-5 mol/J)Ea 4.59 x 104 J/molor in kJ/mol, (divide by 1000)Ea 45.9 kJ/mol Answer: The activation energy for this reaction is 4.59 x 104 J/mol or 45.9 kJ/mol. How to Use a Graph to Find Activation Energy Another way to calculate the activation energy of a reaction is to graph ln k (the rate constant) versus 1/T (the inverse of the temperature in Kelvin). The plot will form a straight line expressed by the equation: m - Ea/R where m is the slope of the line, Ea is the activation energy, and R is the ideal gas constant of 8.314 J/mol-K. If you took temperature measurements in Celsius or Fahrenheit, remember to convert them to Kelvin before calculating 1/T and plotting the graph. If you were to make a plot of the energy of the reaction versus the reaction coordinate, the difference between the energy of the reactants and the products would be ΔH, while the excess energy (the part of the curve above that of the products) would be the activation energy. Keep in mind, while most reaction rates increase with temperature, there are some cases where the rate of reaction decreases with temperature. These reactions have negative activation energy. So, while you should expect activation energy to be a positive number, be aware that its possible for it to be negative as well. Who Discovered Activation Energy? Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius proposed the term activation energy in 1880 to define the minimum energy needed for a set of chemical reactants to interact and form products. In a diagram, activation energy is graphed as the height of an energy barrier between two minimum points of potential energy. The minimum points are the energies of the stable reactants and products. Even exothermic reactions, such as burning a candle, require energy input. In the case of combustion, a lit match or extreme heat starts the reaction. From there, the heat evolved from the reaction supplies the energy to make it self-sustaining.

Gas-particle flow through preforated plates Thesis

Gas-particle flow through preforated plates - Thesis Example Historically developing and investigating such systems has been a complex endeavour. These challenges have been ameliorated significantly with the introduction of fluid computational systems. This text is aimed at analysing gas particulate systems that are specifically designed for service with perforated plate systems. Perforated plate systems present unique challenges in themselves because of the effects of closely placed fluid streams. This investigation will attempt to describe gas solid systems flowing through perforated plates by developing a complete background through secondary research. Various industrial and other applications necessitate the utilisation of gas solid systems. These systems have been in use for a long period of time dating to as far back as the 1920’s when commercial attempts at coal gasification were being performed. The forty’s saw the application of these multi phase systems to the FCC (fluid catalytic cracking) systems while the fifties saw an increase in their use to processes such as sulphide roasting, drying and calcining. Similarly the sixty’s witnessed the growth of these systems to the commercial production of various monomers such as the production of acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride and oxychlorination processes. (Crowe) In rapid succession the seventies also witnessed various improvements in these petro chemical processes with the use of multi phase systems. However, through these entire developments one thing remained common to all processes other than the use of solid gas systems. This commonality was the use of per forated plates to mix up these gas solid systems. (Crowe, Sommerfield and Yutaka, Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles) The preference provided to perforated plates stemmed from the need to let fluid streams through and to ensure enough turbulence to promote mixing. In due course of time, these solid gas systems along with the use of

How hr functions are handled Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How hr functions are handled - Essay Example A position is created a plan to recruit a suitable employee is implemented. A committee is formed to formulate a recruitment plan that shorts applicants, and interviews are conducted and hiring is done. Breaks are issued differently depending on a country’s regulating laws, and supervisors can give this breaks in some departments and in some staff members give breaks. This breaks can be lunch breaks or leaves. Some countries can give 30-60mins lunch break while some countries can give lunch breaks after 5 working hours but for both cases it is either regulated by supervisors or staff members (Mondy and Noe, 2005). Vacation days are administered by the head of the department and are necessary for all employs to help balance their wok life to their social life. During this period, an employee is entitled to be paid, and the length of this vacation is given depending on the employees years of working in the company. The human resource department designs a way of calculating the pay to be given to the employee during vacation days. Human resource staff has the responsibility to draft letters of employment to new employees. Upon employment for small companies, the staff also controls payroll duties such as holiday maintenance schedules. For compensation to remain effective, it’s the work of this staff to control wages and salaries within the company (Mondy and Noe, 2005). Employee’s skills are developed further by the human resource department by providing mentoring programs and training. The staff reviews the employees performance and deals with complaints from employees and work on solving any disputes that arise. For union employees, their contracts are overseen by human resource to come up with negotiation to assist the management. Federal and state laws are regulated by human resources to control benefits and compensations resulting, It is with the help

Human Resource Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Human Resource Management - Research Paper Example Human Resource Management Unionization can be defined as the act of forming groups among the workers and staff members. Originally the concept of unionization within the organization initiated during the early 18th century. But with the course of time the system became prominent in different parts of the world. Historically the concept of unionization was welcomed by several eminent scholars around the globe, but scholars such as Paul Smith an economist of the 18th century stated that labor union has been an illegal practice. A union is an agency of personnel’s that have collaborated together to improve the condition of its members in context with pay packages and other benefits (Libcom, n.d.). The organization can be made up of individual professional, past working staffs, trainees, students and unemployed persons. The common aims are generally demands for higher pay packages, increase in the number of employees for a particular job, to improve the condition of working, demand for various facilities, rules and regulations pertaining to hiring and firing, promotion of workers, procedures of lodging complaints, safety within the workplace and about the different policies of the organization. A union also relies on the fact that joint efforts are superior to individual effort and also aid in achieving the goals more flexibly. This has also led to the concept of collective bargaining. Collective bargaining can be defined as the process by which a group of employee’s demands for something from the employers regarding different issues related to the job.

Effect of Whipped Egg Whites on Soufflé Volume

Effect of Whipped Egg Whites on Soufflà © Volume R. Ardura THE EFFECT OF WHIPPING EGG WHITES OVER ITS LEAVENING CAPACITY IN SOUFFLES INTRODUCTION We may all agree with the grand statement Nicholas Kurti said over his presentation â€Å"The Physicist in the Kitchenâ€Å": â€Å"It is a sad reflection on our civilization that while we can and do measure the temperature in the atmosphere of Venus, we do not know what goes on inside our soufflà ©s† (Barham, 2001). Soufflà ©s, sponge cakes, meringues, and bread are some examples of baked foams. Foams â€Å"allow [the diner] a better perception of the texture of a dense mass in the mouth and enhance the perception of odors† (This, 2009). Understanding how foams work under dynamic conditions is crucial for any chef to achieve a better end product and give the consumer a greater enjoyment. Egg whites are commonly used as an aerating agent because of its foaming properties. Their foam assists in the leavening process, although the actual leavening agent is air. Foam simply allows air to be incorporated into baked goods (Figoni, 2011). The end goal is to capture and retain as much air inside the soufflà © to achieve an airy, light and delicate end product. Foams are a colloidal system of a gas dispersed into a liquid continuous phase (Pawel et al, 2014). In the case of soufflà ©s, the continuous phase is water with egg white proteins, lipids and carbohydrates dissolved in it—which will strengthen the dispersing medium—, and the dispersed phase is air (McWilliams, 2012). Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and some of the other components of air are mostly hydrophobic. In other words, air can dissolve in water but only in tiny amounts (MyHrvold, 2011). The mechanical action of beating pushes air bubbles into the continuous phase of the forming foam while the protein of the egg whites unfold to form a monolayer film at the surface of the air pushed inside. This stage of foam forming is called absorption (Cherry, 1981). The hydrophilic part of the egg white proteins will be attracted and bound with water and any hydrophilic component present in the solution, while the hydrophobic end will be oriented inwards surrounding the gas phase and stabilizing the bubble (MyHrvold, 2011). When talking about foams in food products, it is of interest to know the foam’s stability and volume. Any solids, such as sugar, present in the continuous phase of foam add viscosity to the liquid base. Different levels of viscosity, or resistance that a fluid poses to shear forces, changes the mouth-feel of the product and duration of the foam. In general, the more viscous a liquid is, the longer its bubbles last (Pugh, 1996). We should also keep in mind that a greater resistance to shear forces means a smaller increase of volume from air expansion. Therefore, the recipe used in this study has minimal foaming agents and foaming stabilizers to ensure that the outcome truly reflects the impact of the whipping stage on the increased volume and stability of the soufflà ©. The rate and extent in which albumin unfolds to form a film at the surface of the gas, also called the absorption rate, increases as shear force is applied to the egg white when beaten (Damodaran and Song, 1988). As protein unfolds and entraps gas to form new bubbles the overall volume of the solution grows. Foam becomes opaque and can be pulled into soft peaks. While some bubbles collapse, others are surrounded with a second monolayer. The second film covers any coagulated regions, caused by over beaten proteins, from the first monolayer (Cherry, 1891). The bubbles progressively become smaller and foam gets tighter until stiff peaks are formed (McWilliams, 2012). This is usually the stage egg whites are brought to for making soufflà ©s. It is a common belief that bringing the egg white foam to this stage will make a more stable soufflà ©. The normal pH value for egg whites is from 7-8, but as they age their pH goes up. However, the rate and area to which proteins unfold and reposition at the interface is conditional to the protein’s intermolecular limitation to form new bonds. The overall egg white foam stability is optimal at or near the isoelectric pH of albumin—pH5.5 (Cherry, 1981). This is due the convex shape bubbles take near the pI of albumin, which exhibit a slower liquid drainage rate than decay from gas diffusion and disproportionation (Damodaran, 1994). As a result of less liquid drainage the foam films remain thick enabling dry foams of high stability to be formed (Malysa and Lunkenheimer, 2007). Furthermore, the addition of an acid boosts the number of free-floating hydrogen ions in the egg white slowing down disulfide bonding and exposing hydrophobic regions that result in further adsorption sites (Murray, 2007). In order to generate the same variables for this study, all egg whites were ti trated to pH 5.5 creating a more suitable protein conformation for entrapping and holding air dispersions. Foam will start to form when the number of new and accumulated bubbles exceeds the number of rupturing ones. The stability of foam does not only depend on the solution’s composition but also the state of the bubble’s adsorption layers (Malysa and Lunkenheimer, 2007). Most studies focus on the stability of foams under static conditions where a tight bubble network and high stability are formed. Considering that in the soufflà © production process foam is subject under dynamic conditions, surface elasticity may become of significant importance when analyzing foam expansion and stability on such systems. In addition, even though it would seem logical that a highly flexible unfolded protein would cover a greater surface area than a compact folded protein, Damodaran and Song found that one of albumin’s folded intermediates occupies a greater surface area (Damodaran and Song, 1988). Therefore, in order for a protein to entrap the maximum amount of gas in foam and exert the most favorable reduction of the surface tension, it should be processed (whipped) until an optimum degree of unfolded and folded coils are achieved (Damodaran, 1989). The physical law that animates the phenomenon occurring in a soufflà © was discovered by the French scientist and balloonist J. A. C. Charles. Charles’ law states, â€Å"†¦the volume occupied by a given weight of a given gas is proportional to its temperature† (McGee, 2004). Some may conclude that the greater amount of air bubbles trapped the greater the volume will raise as the soufflà © is baked. Others may believe that it does not matter the stage the egg white has been whipped to because gas will always expand a fixed amount. However, bearing in mind Damodaran and Song’s discovery and the assumption that surface elasticity could play a determining roll on foams expansion and stability under dynamic conditions, there might be the possibility to believe that stiff peak is not the optimum stage at which the egg white must be whipped to achieve the maximum final volume in soufflà ©s. This study will focus on the effects different stages of whipped egg white foams have on the final volume of soufflà ©s. After this study a chef will know the best possible utilization of egg whites for soufflà ©s and other food preparations where egg whites act as a leavening agent. Learning about egg white’s surface rheology through measurements recollected over a range of timescales will help to understand how the protein structure on whipped egg whites relate to the final volume of soufflà ©s. It may also suggest a better way to produce other backed foam products as sponge cakes, meringues and bread. WORKS CITED Barham, P. (2001). The Science of Cooking. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag GmbH. Figoni, P. (2011). How Baking Works (3rd ed, pp. 258, 267, 300 303) Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. McGee, Harold (2004). On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen (1st ed.), Egg Foams (pp.109-113). New York, NY: Scribner. McWilliams, Margaret (2012). Foods: Experimental Perspectives. (Seventh ed., pp. 113, 114, 116, 384-387, 412). New Jersey: Pretince Hall. MyHrvold, N., Young, C. Bilet, M. (2011).The Modernist Cuisine: The Art and Science of Cooking(1st ed., Vol 4, pp. 74, 240-255). Bellvue, WA: The Cooking Lab. This, H. (2009), Science of the Oven. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Pawel, P., et al. (2014). The Physical and Linear Viscoelastic Properties of Fresh Wet Foams Based on Egg White Proteins and Selected Hydrocolloids. Food Biophysics, 9:76-87 Cherry, J. P. (1981). Whipping and Aeration. In Cherry McMaters (Eds.), Protein Functionality in Foods (pp. 150-153). American Chemical Society: USA. Damodaran, S (1994). Protein functionality in food systems. In N. S. Hettiarachchy G. R. Zeigler (Eds.), Structure-Function Relationship of Food Proteins (pp. 15-17). Chicago, IL: Institute of Food Technologists. Damodoran, S. (1989) Interrelationship of molecular and functional properties of food proteins. In J. E. Kinsella W. G. Soucie (Eds.), Food Proteins (pp. 21-22). Champaign, IL: The American Oil Chemists’ Society. Damodoran, S. and Song, K. B. (1988). Kinetics of absoption of proteins at interfaces: Role of protein conformation in diffusional adsorption. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 954:253. Malysa, K. and Lunkenheimer, K. (2007). Foams under dynamic conditions. Current Opinion in Colloid Interface Science, 13 (2008), 150-162. doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2007.11.008 Murray, B. S. (2007) Stabilization of bubbles and foams. Current Opinion in Colloid Interface Science. 12 (2007), 232-241. doi:10.1016/j.cocis.2007.07.009

Essay example --

History / Educational Influences Marina City, as a modernist urban solution, was possible by Bertrand Goldberg because of his formal architectural training as well as his early practice and interaction with key architects. Exposure to architectural, socioeconomic, and cultural context that shaped modernist architecture developed him as an architect. Influence began early on from his physics teacher, George Vaubel, which inspired him with a lifelong love for logic and â€Å"reasoning backwards† and finding evidence for what was taught to him. Goldberg studied at the Cambridge School of Architecture and Landscape then at the Bauhaus in Berlin, Germany and lastly, at the Armour Institute of Technology in Chicago. He discovered architecture while studying at Harvard in 1930. The dean, Henry Frost, allowed Goldberg to study with his graduate studio as an undergraduate. During the Great Depression, Goldberg was studying at Harvard where debates with professors and fellow students centered on the political and soc ial problem, dealing with poverty. It unleashed and influenced his lifelong consciousness of social and political factors because he took social and political problems into consideration when designing. Harvard exposed Goldberg to the Beaux-Arts architecture and he desired to go to Paris to study but instead went to the Bauhaus after being advised. The Bauhaus introduced Goldberg to the new ideals of art and architecture. The Bauhaus emphasized on vision and spatial skills. Goldberg was greatly influenced by Mies van de Rohe and Josef Albers. Goldberg embraced â€Å"less is more† and was disciplined to work out details of the total design by creating an aesthetic out of structure and seeking alliance with an industrial world. At the B... ... solution of a central core and columns made the structure safe and efficient. The concrete also acted provided security against uplift because of concrete nature of heaviness. Mechanical systems were engineered within the floors which allowed for more spatial freedom. The efficient solution to the foundation was also achieved through engineering and the use of caissons. Construction initiated after structural issues were resolved. Machine and hand became the medium to create the building. While the tower crane allowed for the fast construction of Marina City, artisanship was also required. The use of formwork to create the petals require of artisanship while being mass produce implied machine. The hand work can be seen in the uneven surfaces were molding was required. Marina City became the biggest structural and residential building at the time of its completion.

Alternative Scenarios/Future Analysis & Delphi Technique

The way word ‘dynamic’ has qualified itself, to describe current affairs, implies that future is getting more uncertain now. Radical changes in the past have made present more autonomous; and future more unpredictable. Need to understand and define the future have made it more demanding for the analysts to outline different trends curtailing to specific events, wonder what might happen next, and make strategies to control the future. Before stepping into the world ‘about to come’, it is important to understand that future is not prediction, there’s nothing rationale known about future, and tomorrow would not be like today.Studying future needs a systematic approach that involves identification of past trends, study of current scenarios, and exploring possible alternatives, given possible scenarios. Alternative Future Alternative future analysis is critically an assessment approach that provides large scale long term perspective of a problem that could be divided into different alternative, each curtailing to any one sub-perspective. It helps translate different visions and goals into alternatives, which could be assessed by the experts/analysts. It provides the policy makers with a ‘vision’ to follow, in case any scenario/alternative is realized.As all these alternatives are critically evaluated socio-economically, ecologically and rationally, chances of their sustenance is far better than many other future predicting techniques. There are two main ways the alternative future analysis process operates (Steinitz 2003 and Theobald & Hobbs 2002). Firstly, it is the formation of numerous alternative plans, assessing their consequences, and then following the most desirable one. It involves geometrical, pre-dominant and political interests of people. This approach is simple, but, simplicity is also a limitation (Steinitz 2003).Secondly, it is the identification of ‘most’ important issues, pertaining to polic y and decision making. Concluded scenario reflects the inputs of different people, reflected from the choices made for it (Steinitz 2003). Scenario Analysis Scenario analysis is a strategic tool, designed impeccably to design strategies, based on multiple outcomes or complex competitive situations (Sandmore, 2005). Selection of scenarios/outcomes is based upon the probabilities assigned to them, in response to values attained from different related factors. These responses help analysts develop contingency plan that covers many different possibilities.Moreover, they can identify potential threats, and can evaluate current strategy, working under the similar model. The analysis starts with the assumption that some future state has been achieved; now the work starts backwards. It helps identify all those factors and their probable affect, until a ‘base case’ is prepared. Now those variables are altered to consider the changes in the output. So it gives analysts more contr ol over the variables, and helps decision makers identify different variables, with respect to their impact and urgency. It is important to understand that it does not predict future, it just gives a possibility.Its success is very much dependent upon the level of details or factors involved are identified by the analysts, and how correctly they have related those factors to the scenario. Those factors could be political, technological, economical or social in nature. It also helps analysts understand different scenarios, and make best use of it by controlling most effective variable. Consequently, it increases the decision making time, that could result in change of some factors or scenarios over time. Moreover, external impacts could not be controlled, and their happening is not easily predictable.It also increases the chances of errors, and questions the dependability of analysis. Delphi Technique Derived from a Greek’s oracle, Delphi is the best known qualitative, structu red and indirect future prediction method in use today (Woudenberg, 1991). It consists of a sequence of steps adopted for provoking and refining opinions of different experts (Brown, 1968). This technique was adopted by multiple disciplines and each altered it to its use; hence we have three different techniques in use today. Conventional Delphi is used for forecasting and estimating unknown parameters up to a level of consensus.Policy Delphi is used to generate most opposite ideas or opinions to identify the two extremes (Bjil, 1992). Decision Delphi, on the other hand, is utilized to reach decisions amongst experts, with all contributing in the solution. While following Delphi approach, firstly, all the participants are informed, informally, about issues to be discussed. Secondly, a questionnaire regarding issue is distributed. This part includes great involvement of monitoring team, as this must elicit convergent and divergent points. Thirdly, more questionnaires are distributed, each with the knowledge about the previous one.This helps them refine their opinions, and could mold the respondents’ answers to a particular direction. It is repeated, until and unless a final consensus is achieved. Finally, the coordinating team pulls together all the responses and consensus into a final report (Masini, 1993). The most unfortunate development in the end of nineteenth century was the formation of Al-Qaida that has threatened most of the developed economies, especially United States of America and United Kingdom. In 1998, Osama Bin Laden, the leader of Al-Qaida, announced that his league will be in pursuit of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD).Since then, many American and European countries have put hands together to fight against the increasing influence of these terrorists. After the most drastic terrorist attack of 9/11, US forces, in support of many European forces, attacked Afghanistan, the biggest suspect of Al-Qaida home-base. Later, in 2003, US force s invaded Iraq. Here the culprit was Saddam Hussein, who was declared an agent of Al-Qaida. Since then, North Korea, Iraq, Syria and Pakistan have been the targets of US in its war against terrorism. This war, one way or the other, is weakening both Al-Qaida and US economy.In retaliation to US invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, Al-Qaida’s race to get hold of WMD have intensified. What this war has in stored for our future is a big question mark for us. To understand what different experts have to say about it, a project is initiated, in which diplomats, critics, politicians, journalists and policy makers will be surveyed, using Delphi technique. First of all, through emails, letters and visitors, all these participants will be selected, based upon their availability, level of involvement in current affairs, especially war against terrorism, critical insight and reputation amongst the colleagues.Once their participation will be confirmed, all of them will be officially communic ated about the issue to be discussed, which is the sensitivity of WMD, and possible targets of Al-Qaida attacks in US. Major research will carry around: the importance of WMD; whether or not Al-Qaida has one of it; possible target of Al-Qaida’s attacks in US; security levels in US; and response of US nation towards US policy of war against terrorism. Major assumptions will be taken based on the trend analysis, by monitoring team.Major targets will be nominated based upon following factors: Location (geographically and strategically); Importance (economic and defense); Security (national and nominal); Population (distribution and class); Impact (economically and socially); and Urgency. These factors will further be classified based upon the response from the experts. All the participants will be allowed to make any assumptions, which should be communicated before the submission of questionnaire. Major questions for the first round will be: 1. Is Al-Qaida a threat to US, or a t icket to failing states?2. Are Weapons of Mass Destruction in safe hands? 3. Does Al-Qaida have Weapons of Mass Destruction? 4. Are Al-Qaida attacks consequences of US policies? 5. What could be the purpose of Al-Qaida’s attack in US? 6. Can US sustain Al-Qaida’s attacks? 7. What could be the possible target of Al-Qaida? 8. Is US national strong enough to stop Al-Qaida’s attack? 9. How concern is US nation about terrorism? 10. Is Al-Qaida making its roots in Americans? References Bjil R (1992). â€Å"Delphi in a future scenario study on mental health and mental health care† in Futures Vol 24, No 3, pp 232-250Brown B (1968). Delphi Process: A Methodology Used for the Elicitation of Opinions of Experts Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation Foreign Policy (2010, January 25th). Al-Qaida’s pursuit of Weapons of Mass Destruction. August 9, 2010, from http://www. foreignpolicy. com/articles/2010/01/25/al_qaedas_pursuit_of_weapons_of_mass_destruction Masini, E (1993). Why Futures Studies? London: Grey Seal Steinitz, Carl (2003) Alternative futures for changing landscapes. USA: Island Press Woudenberg F (1991). â€Å"An Evaluation of Delphi† in Technological Forecasting and Social Change Vol 40, pp 131-150

Toward a Typology of Food Security in Developing Countries,Governance Division, and International Food Policy Research Institute. Essay

Global Food Supplies Introduction Question 1                   Globalization and technology enable food producers to access a wider market, increase opportunities, and competition with food supply and consumption. Countries and agricultural multinationals position their supply systems, according tothe global market. Food supply requires a systematic analysis of the food production processes and strategies for ensuring consistency in production and supply chain. Collaboration and partnerships at various levels has been adopted to facilitate in large-scale production, processing, and supply. The following study will discuss the problems with global food supplies, possible solutions, and the implicationsof the suggested solutions. Discussion                   According to Bingxin et al. (2010),availability of food, its accessibility, utility of food, and stability are vital in global food supply.These are the conceptual factors of food supply and food security. Availability of food in one part of the world does not guarantee supply to the parts with scarcity. Accessibility of food is dependent on international relations between countries and international organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Utility of food affects supply of food because of the cultural orientation towards certain types of food. Other than the conceptual aspects, Thomsett (2011) and Olson (2012) believed that problems in the food supply could stem from the product value chain and the supply chain. The food process chain may comprise of production at the farm level, storage, processing facilities, transportation of the processed foodstuff, distributors, and retailers. Farmers require modern technology and machines to handl e the produce into the form that can be exported. Lack of processing mills and plants limit the food supply into the developed economies (Bingxin et al., 2010). Inadequate storage facilities affect the global food supply because of food wastageat the production level. Perishable foodstuff requires quick transportation and modern preservation methods such as the use of refrigerators (Frankenberger et al., 2014).                   Geopolitical interests andsanctions affect global food supply. Countries that face sanctions may be limited in terms of the types of food they can import or export. For instance,sanctions have affected food supply Europe to Russia in the current sanctions between the some of the countries in Europe and Russia. North Korea also faces challenges in the food supplybecause of sanctions (Thomsett, 2011).Olson (2012) indicated that terrorism affects food supply because of the disruption of the food production and supply chain. Terrorism also affects the farming system because the farmers take alternatives that suit the prevailing conditions in the regions that are prone to terrorism.Agricultural terrorism affects global food supply. Agricultural terrorism is a form of bioterrorism where terrorists introduce animal and plant disease in the region in order to destabilize food production (Olson, 2012). Climate change and natural disasters cause problems in global food supply. Climate change affects the agricultural systems by causing shortages in water supply, flooding, and general inconstancies in weather conditions. Uncertainties in weather make prediction and planning difficult for farmers a factor that eventually affects global food supply (Thomsett, M, 2011; Bingxin et al., 2010).                   Carpenter et al. (2013) held the view that decentralization of food production would help in reducing the challenges of global food supply. Decentralization augments the conceptual aspects of food supply such as accessibility and stability. In this case,the logistics of ensuring the food reaches the consumer are less complicated because the food is within the locality of the user. Adoption of better food production methods and technologies can also help in dealing with the threats of global food supply. Mechanized farming and research in drought tolerant crops are some of the modern approaches that ensure consistency in food supply(Frankenberger et al., 2014).                   Improved international relations with the trade partners and collaboration in research and food production will enhance global food supply. Countries and food producers may sign trade agreements that facilitate food supply. Negotiations on specific food processing and quality can improveworld food supply. Farmers and food processing multinational may share technologies and intelligence on bioterrorism to reduce agricultural terrorism (Carpenter et al., 2013; Olson, 2012).                   Decentralization of food production affects the management of production and product copyrights.Different countries and regions have unique approaches to food production. The climatic and physical conditions differ from one country to another. Decentralization of production will require a strategy of aligning the processes, policies, and objectives of all the stakeholders.High costs of adoption and mitigation measures for climate change and natural disasters affect food supply. Research on crops, animals, and farming systems that are tolerant to climate change requires long terms strategies and resources(Carpenter et al., 2013; Olson, 2012). Conclusion                   Stability in global food supply requires a multidimensional approach. Olson (2012) showed that dealing with bioterrorism involves researchers in agricultural biotechnology and the security agencies. According toFrankenberger (2014) sustainable food supply, depends on sharing technical information on climate change. Capacity building at the production level affects the consistency of food supply. Technical information on greenhouse emissions at the local level and on a global scale can help in formulating policies on sustainability of the supply chain. Food supply also relies on the co-operation of food supply multinationals, Non-Governmental organizations, and trade organizations. References Bingxin, Y et al. 2010, Toward a Typology of Food Security in Developing Countries,Governance Division, and International Food Policy Research Institute. Carpenter, J, Moore, M, Alexander, N, & Doherty, M 2013, ‘Consumer demographics, Ethno centralism, cultural values, and consumer culture in a retail perspective’, Journal of marketing management, 29, 4, pp. 271- 291. Business source complete, EBSCOHost, viewed 13 December 2014. Frankenberger, T, Costas, M, Nelson, S, & Starr, L 2014, Building resilience for food and nutrition. Washington, DC: International food Policy research Institute. Olson, D 2012, Agroterrorism: threats to America’s economy and food supply, FBI law enforcement bulletin, Business source complete, EBSCOHost, viewed 13 December 2014. Thomsett, M 2011, ‘Global supply chain risk management: Viewing the past to manage today’s risk from an historical perspective’, Review of management innovation and creativity, 4, 9, pp.44-64, Business source complete, EBSCOHost, viewed 13 December 2014. Source document