Drink †Coffee Essay

A. Outline of the Industry The refreshment business in the Philippines has expanded its market volume in the ongoing years as the product of picking up notoriety and backing from larger part of the Philippine populace. As indicated by Euromonitor. com, in the wake of revealing an all out volume drop of 2% in the earlier year, juice recouped to be among the most energetic soda pops classifications in 2013. All out juice volume expanded by 8% bolstered by the products’ ubiquity among schoolchildren and the expanding wellbeing cognizance in the nation. Makers keep on taking advantage of the neighborhood recognition that juice is more beneficial than other mainstream soda pops items like carbonates. It ought to be noticed that, in 2013, the Department of Education prohibited the selling of carbonated beverages in school premises. Juice profits by this improvement all things considered among the drinks outfitted at kids. B. Market Profile The objective market of Zest-O when all is said in done are the children and mothers. These shoppers can manage the cost of utilization for such drinks and in this manner, better odds of high deals volume. At the same time, they likewise tend to be increasingly mindful of wellbeing and health needs fundamentally because of boundless access to the various types of media for publicizing and advancements as transporters of data. As referenced before, the Philippines, having a warm atmosphere, isn't such an agreeable spot to be in particularly during the pinnacle of warmth waves. For the nearby shopper, it’s all regular to search for a refreshing treat in pay for the distresses of the warmth. In accordance with this, interest for invigorating refreshments essentially supports during the long stretches of March, April and May, while the remainder of the year, the interest decreases halfway yet stays consistent. C. Market Size Based on the primer consequences of the 2012 Census of Philippine and Industry (CPBI) directed across the country, the Philippines had an aggregate of 173,900 Value of Production of Key Manufacturing Enterprises by Beverage Industry for the year 2012. Table 1 shows that Beverage Industry for the year 2009 earned the most reduced number of estimation of creation of key assembling endeavors at 123,300 (71.9%) trailed continuously 2010 with 141,700 estimation of creation of key assembling undertakings. Table 1 Link: http://www. nscb. gov. ph/secstat/d_estab. asp Industry cost structure A worth chain is a model used to disaggregate a firm into its deliberately applicable worth producing exercises, so as to assess each activity’s commitment to the firm’s execution (Terms V 2006). Through the examination of this model we can pick up understanding with respect to how a firm makes their upper hand and investor esteem. The worth chain of the nonalcoholic refreshment industry contains five principle exercises. These incorporate inbound coordinations (providers), tasks, outbound coordinations (purchasers/clients), showcasing and deals, and administration. Inbound Logistics (Suppliers) Zest-O’s providers furnish them with materials, for example, fixings, bundling and hardware. So as to guarantee that these materials are in acceptable condition, Zest-O has set up specific measures which these providers must cling to (The Supplier Guiding Principles). These include: consistence with laws and guidelines, laws and guidelines, opportunity of affiliation and aggregate bartering, constrained and youngster work, maltreatment of work, segregation, wages and advantages, work hours and additional time, wellbeing and security, condition, and exhibit of consistence (Zest-O 2006). Every once in a while, Zest-O utilizes outsiders to evaluate their providers by having interviews with businesses and provisional laborers. On the off chance that a provider has issues about the provider core values, they are normally given a specific measure of time to take remedial measures; if not, Zest-O has the option to end their agreement with these providers. Tasks Zest-O’s center activities comprise of Company-possessed concentrate and syrup creation. As indicated by their site, a portion of the principle ecological effects of their business happen further along the worth chain through system’s packaging tasks, conveyance systems, and deals and advertising exercises. The executives of these activities over the business esteem anchor will in general be all the more testing outside of the center tasks. As indicated by Zest-O, they keep on tending to this by working with their accomplices to decrease the impacts at each degree of the assembling procedure by growing their perception of the total natural effect of their business through the whole lifecycle of their items from fixing acquisition to creation, conveyance, deals and promoting, and post-buyer reusing. Outbound Logistics (Buyers/Customers). The exercises required to get completed items to clients incorporate warehousing, request satisfaction, transportation, and conveyance the executives. Zesto items are once in a while shipped by four-legged force. Across a lot of regions, bottlers convey to a great many family-run stands and locally situated stores. Showcasing and Sales The Company spearheaded the primary prepared to-drink juice drink in adaptable foil pocket (Doy Pack System). With its pizazz for development, Zest-O juice drinks won the consumers’ support and wide acknowledgment. In the course of recent years, Zest-O has earned itself a spot in the Filipino culture. Get-up-and-go O Corporation has posted tremendous development throughout the years. With all out resources of just Php 10M when it began, it kept on developing arriving at yearly gross deals of 280M in 1987 after 6 ? long periods of activity. As the organization kept on wandering into various items, deals kept on increasing arriving at a complete yearly gross deals of Php 2. 6 B for the year 2004 with an all out resource of 450 M. Administration Activities that keep up and upgrade a product’s esteem incorporate client assistance, fix administrations, establishment and preparing. Pizzazz o’s clients extend from enormous global retailers to littler free organizations and sellers. Subsequently, they offer types of assistance custom-made to meet their customer’s needs. Market Trends Zest-O’s target markets are progressively developing towards perceiving the contrast between low quality blends and those of high caliber. This advancement is a significant pattern for the organization as it speak to its objective market. Pizzazz O currently are having an expanding number of individuals who value the conventional mixes while living in the urban territories. In light of this Zest-O plan to guarantee that our bundling is good and appealing. Today’s amazingly distressing workplace directs that people devour solid beverages particularly in the mid year season, this presents an open door that Zest-O may abuse, advertising the wellbeing part of its drinks. Market Growth Juice will keep on exploiting its wellbeing situating to support development in the estimate time frame. The all out volume CAGR from 2013 to 2018 in this classification is 2% while steady worth deals will reach Ps45. 6 billion of every 2018. The interest for juice is upheld by the wellbeing awareness of buyers in the Philippines, and will be invigorated further by the normal convergence of new item improvements by producers in 2013-2018. Perceiving consumers’ expanding interest for items, which are situated to improve the prosperity of supporters, industry players will to a great extent put resources into the advancement of wellbeing and health juice items. Stronghold will stay a key technique utilized by organizations to separate themselves from rivalry and target explicit buyers. Source: http://www. euromonitor. com/juice-in-the-philippines/report Market Needs Drinks in the Philippines are a vital supplement to dinners, yet additionally help beat the tropical warmth. Similarly as with their food, Filipinos regularly join neighborhood produce into drinks to make delicious and invigorating blends. A couple of models incorporate mixed mango shakes, coconut juice and pandan leaf frosted tea. Filipinos likewise appreciate the coconut-injected hard alcohol known as lambing and gin mixed drinks blended in with pineapple juice or citrus natural product juice. Get-up-and-go o will decide to give great quality items that will help ingrain a joyful domain. Pizzazz o expects to give the client in excess of a beverage to extinguish one’s thirst. The organization expect to give a quality drink that extinguishes one’s thirst as well as empowers one to live it up and be glad for it. The nature of crude materials and get together innovation clear in their items will serve to upgrade the presence of the clients, thusly adding to their status.

Sarbanes-oxley act 2002 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sarbanes-oxley act 2002 - Essay Example Because of this the U.S Congress gave a demonstration which was later known as the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002. The demonstration tends to a wide range of issues and is required upon each open association to follow (inside the United States of America). The demonstration comprises of 11 segments which extend from the additional obligation being implemented upon various organization sheets to various criminal punishments if the rules of the Sarbanes Oxley Act are not followed. Other than such areas, the demonstration needs the Securities and Exchange Commission to guarantee that such rules and rules are trailed by all the individual organizations or not. The demonstration centers around issues, for example, corporate administration, inward control appraisal, inspector evaluation, and so forth. The demonstration made a Public Company Accounting oversight board which was made mindful to oversee and direct review organizations which go about as examiners of various open organizations. Sar banes Oxley Act 2002 is to a greater degree a Rules-Based methodology where rebelliousness would prompt substantial punishments (counting some criminal indictment also). It is a prerequisite under the US stock trade guideline to consent to SOX and a freely held organization needs to follow the demonstration (privately owned businesses are absolved from its application).

Otra Vez, Como Siempre

Otra Vez, Como Siempre Amazing Discovery of the Day: After nearly three semesters at MIT, I just realized that you can take the Tech Shuttle straight from Kendall Square to New House (well, more accurately, MacGregor*, but close enough). Wow, it really shows what kind of MIT student I am over this last year. *blushes* Last year, I posted Taiwanese pop songs to encourage the EA and RD applicants =p Once again, like always, [hint: title* hahaha] I will do so likewise this year for you all EAers! *[ also = „ÇÇ„Å܉?ÄÂ? ¶â€žÃ„Ä„ÅÃ'„Å §â€žÃ…æ„Åß„ÇÇ though I dont think it will show up on the URL =p] Cant believe its already the Class of 2013! In honor of what Im going to do during IAP (included at the bottom), Im going to post a Japanese song this year. This is the theme from Dragon Zakura, a famous Japanese drama from 2005. The drama is about a radical teacher that sets out to train a group of students from an underachieving high school to getting into Tokyo University (Todai), the most prestigious university in Japan, through a year of intense training. The drama itself was actually pretty well made, as the teacher brings in specialists from different areas that attempts to teach the students new (and hilarious) methods of approaching math, literature, Englishetc. thats different from traditional instruction. Its a very enjoyable drama (to waste time on while procrastinating for psets, lol =p) and really touching when the final results were announced (kinda like when MIT decisions are announced =p but they do it the hardcore Japanese way where they put the exam ID numbers of everyone who qualified for Todai on big poster boards in front of the campus and you have to go to scan frantically for your number to see if you made it). But the theme is pretty cheerful and has nice lyrics, so enjoy! Sooo while Im on the topic of Japan This is where Ill be spending IAP this year. Similar to Spain last year, Ill be living with a host family in Japan while taking Japanese classes in the daytime. Growing up, Ive been to Japan more than a dozen times (due to its proximity to Taiwan its only a 3 hour flight!), and its absolutely amazing to be able to spend a whole month there this year. Again, going with the whole foreign language thing I just love learning languages. The last time I took Japanese was 5 years ago when I was a freshman in high school, and I decided randomly to try to test into Japanese this year. My Japanese was really, really poor in the beginning, and its a wonder that I placed into Japanese III. But after one semester of MITs great language instruction, I had more confidence in Japanese and decided to spend this IAP refining my language abilities. This all, however, isnt sponsored by MIT though. I had to go through an external Japanese cultural association that organizes homestays, so I dont think this is particularly relevant to MIT lifebut hey, I just wanted to share the good news! :) Good luck on the EA results! Youve filled out the forms, written the essays, done the interviews, and probably marked up your calendar with deadlines more obsessively than youve ever before. One of the commenters pointed out last year that for every admit, there would probably be nearly 9 others that would not be there to share in the good news. But I also want to say that like what someone else said eloquently, you miss 100% of the shots you dont take. By stepping forward and trying hard for something, youve already extended yourself and grew in an intangible way. Thus, I feel like theres nothing to be ashamed of. I was deferred when I applied ED (not to MIT), and there was a period of 2 months or so when my parents started freaking out about me not being able to get into ANY college. It was not so fun. (you know, Asian parents, been there, done that. xP) So youll be fine. Put on your favorite soundtrack on Monday night, take a deep breath, and when youre ready, click the button. Life goes on, and I believe that tomorrow only gets better. ;)

The Study of Marine Life - 662 Words

It wasn’t until Aristotle’s time that written records of marine life was composed. Aristotle (384 BC to 322 BC) was the first to write about marine life, recording his observations made on or near the Island of Lesbos in Ancient Greece. He recorded identifications of a variety of species ranging from echinoderms to crustaceans to mollusks and even fish. Not only was Aristotle the first to write about his observations of marine life, he was also the first to record his work on the anatomy and physiology of marine animals and was the first to use a systematic taxonomy to classify these animals (Blits, 1999). It is because of his early work that Aristotle is often referred to as the father of marine biology and comparative physiology. The modern day study of marine life began in the 18th century. Captain James Cook (1728-1779) was one of the first explorers to circumnavigate the world. During this time he mapped much of the uncharted waters and also logged many descriptions of plants and animals he came across during his extensive voyages (Cook King, 1784). Following Captain Cook’s exploration, many scientists began to study marine life more closely. One example of such early research is the famously debated topic of the importance of subsidence in reef growth (Fautin, 2002). Subsidence is a geological process in which landforms gradually sink as a result of movements of the lithospheric plates of the Earth’s crust and upper mantle. During his 1836 expedition on the HMSShow MoreRelatedMarine Biology And Its Impact On Society1364 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Marine Biology is the scientific study of organisms in the ocean or other marine bodies of water. Marine Biologists are the examiners of this science. 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Eighty percent of pollution in the ocean are inked to human causes such as—industrial growth, oil, burning of fuels, litter on the beach and agriculture just to name a few. The pollution in the ocean effects the food chain as it has shown to affect the marine ecosystem and animals. I chose this topic because ofRead MoreGarbage Patch Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesand even whales are among the sea animals that are affected by plastic. Nearly a hundred thousand marine creatures die a year from pollution. Studies show that â€Å"ingested marine debris is quite common in samples of dead and captured seabirds and turtles† (formath). This indicates that many marine animals mistake litter for food. Ingestion of marine debris causes many negative effects in the marine life. These negative effects include: reducing the absorption of nutrients in the gut, reducing the amountRead MoreImpact Of Marine Debris On Sea And Land1358 Words   |  6 Pages11 December 2014 Impact of Marine Debris on Sea and Land Marine habitats throughout the world are severely affected by man-made items of debris and solid waste; marine debris contaminates the environment, as well as impacting the economy, and the safety of humans and their health. The extent of the impacts is dictated by the type of marine debris and the location of which it settles in the ocean; whether it be floating, submerged or within a delicate habitat. Marine debris can be viewed as any persistent

A Brothel Is Against Public Policy - 1500 Words

ILLEGAL CONSIDERATION Introduction : Mr. Kamal rents his house to Mr. Baazi for one year. Mr. Baazi uses the house to run a brothel. Mr. Kamal has decided to evict Mr. Baazi. When Mr. Kamal comes to know about the intentions about Mr. Baazi, he wants to evict him from his house. Now Mr. Kamal seeks to you to know whether he can evict Mr. Baazi on lawful grounds. Issues : 1) Whether the consideration and object is lawful? 2) Whether, running of a brothel is against public policy? 3) Is the usage of the house as a brothel will render the contract void? Arguments : For Plaintiff : The object used in the case is absolutely lawful. Plaintiff is the offeror and defendant is the offeree. Plaintiff was getting rent as the consideration in†¦show more content†¦Any contract whose consideration or object is immoral or opposed to public policy is void. In the case of V. Narasimha Raju Vs. V. Gurumurthy Raju Ors. , Supreme Court decided that the contract violating the public policy is void. In Uphill v. Wright , plaintiff sued the defendant for recovering the rent of the flat with the knowledge that she was the mistress of a person who used to visit her. The court held that the plaintiff can’t recover the money as the contract was for immoral purpose and is void. So when the consideration becomes illegal the contract becomes void and the plaintiff is the owner of the house and he has complete right to evict defendant lawfully. For Defendant: The parties are competent. There is an offer and acceptance between the parties, the object is the house and the consideration is the rent of the house which is valid. So, the contract between the parties is valid under the ICA . The contract was for the period of one year and due to which the defendant has complete right over the house for the period of one year. If the plaintiff wants the defendant to evict the house it should be done by the mutual consent of both the parties. If it is not done mutually and then the contract is broken it will be a breach of contract, and the plaintiff is liable to pay damages . The object in this case

Biotechnology Genetic Optimization Of Plant Genome And...

Biotechnology: Genetic Optimization of Plant Genome and Development of Biofuel On the basis of reverse engineering and reconstruction, the application of CRISPR-Cas technology in the realm of biotechnology remains predominantly in following directions: optimizing agricultural crops, researching plant genome, and developing sustainable and accessible biofuel which relies on the exploration of new biological pathways in algae and corn (Hsu, Lander, Zhang, 2014; Jacobs, LaFayette, Schmitz, Parrott, 2015). We herein present several common features in developing transgenic plants from research reports of classic studies on crops. The advancement of technologies in the past decade has given rise to noticeable improvement in agricultural productivity, with the focus on decreasing plants’ susceptibility to pest, cultivating their resilience on infertile land, and increasing their nutritional value. In this process, transgenesis, introducing a foreign gene into plant genomes, has earned the most highlight (Voytas Gao, 2014). Nevertheless, its drawbacks--failing to take advantage of natural genomes and potentially undermined long-term effects in food--have severely limited its application. With new technologies like CRISPR, mutagenesis takes place to create new genetic variation in plants. We herein present results in developing transgenic plants from research reports of classic studies on crops (Voytas Gao, 2014). Generally, all studies certified that CRISPR-Cas9 system

Financial Crises Theory and Practice

Question: Discuss about the Financial Crises for Theory and Practice. Answer: Introduction: Financial market is a market where the people are involved in doing business of financial securities, goods including the fungible commodities at low transaction cost and at a cost which reflects the supply and demand. In economics, we can say that market is the aggregate of all the possible buyers and sellers of a particular commodity or services and as well as the place where the transaction takes place. It is also referred to as exchange including stock exchange or commodity exchange in between two or more organizations or companies. Since financial markets are associated in making money better to raise finance (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2013). Diagram depicting the understanding of the financial market: Source: (created by author) As per the question the financial market is broadly classified into five different categories: Capital market Money market Currency market Commodities market Derivatives market Capital market: Capital market include the stock markets which helps in providing finance through shares or common stocks thereby carrying out the subsequent trading. It raises capital on a long term basis basically over a year. Under the capital market comes the primary and the secondary market which can be categorized into two sub groups: Bond market which provides finance by accumulating debt through the issuance and trading of bonds .Stock market provides finance by sharing the ownership of a company by bond issuing and trading. The two basic instruments are the debt and equity (Claessens and Kose 2013). The issuers are the listed companies and the stock exchange and the intermediaries are the brokers involved in the trading. Primary market: Issues which are newly formed such as initial public offerings and are bought and sold , here the bonds are created and traded for the first time without any intermediary and are therefore called 'new issue market'. The company make direct interaction with the willing investors in the primary market. Secondary market: In the secondary market, the investors deals with the securities that have already been issued by the company and is listed in the stock exchange. Here in this case the investors purchase previously issued securities like bonds, stocks, any future options from other investors rather than issuing it from the company itself .Consequently these markets are termed as 'aftermarket'. Money market: Money market which comes under the category providing short term debt financing and investments. It enables the economic units in managing their liquidity positions by lending and borrowing of short term loans under one year. The various instruments are treasury bills, commercial paper, certificates of deposits. The players in this market are financial institutions, commercial banks, governments. Commodity market: It manages the exchange or better trading in primary products which takes place in about fifty major commodity markets where the financial exchange increasingly outstrip the physical purchases which are to be delivered . Commodities may be categorized into two subgroups: Raw goods which are hard goods like gold , oil , rubber .Agricultural products which are soft goods including sugar, coffee ,wheat. 'The players on this market are issuers andstockholders. Derivatives markets: In derivative market, the value of the assets are derived using the index of prices. It assists in providing the finance by carrying out the trade in terms of financial instruments like future contracts or some options which helps to control the financial risk. The forward, options, swaps, future contracts are some of the derivative market instruments. The players are the speculators, hedger and arbitrators. Currency market which is better known as the foreign exchange market: It abets the foreign exchange trading. It is the largest, and the most liquid market in the market world with an average traded value of more than $5 trillion per day. It also includes all the different currencies round the world and any individual or country can take an active part in it. The exchange traded fund, swap, and future and forward are the instruments. The central bank is the most vital player followed by the importers and exporters. References: Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013.Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Claessens, S. and Kose, M.M.A., 2013.Financial crises explanations, types, and implications(No. 13-28). International Monetary Fund. Madura, J., 2014.Financial markets and institutions. Nelson Education.

Toyota Motor Corporation Strategic Human Resource Planning and Strategic Recruitment

Introduction The business environment has been getting more complex and competition has been increasing everyday. Recent problems such as the economic crises and others have caused organization to find ways of staying ahead of competition.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Toyota Motor Corporation: Strategic Human Resource Planning and Strategic Recruitment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Organizations are continuously looking for ways to gain a competitive edge over the other organizations. This mostly affects the multinational organizations because the international organizations face global environment which is more complex than the local environment. One of the major areas of focus in trying to attain a competitive advantage is through the use of employees. Organizations have realized and embraced the fact that human resource is a strategic asset to an organization and if well used, it can make the organizations gain a competitive advantage (Kathy McMackin, 2001). Most organizations are now competing on how to attract, maintain and motivate employees. Focus on employees has thus become a big strategic move for most companies. Strategic human resource management has been described as the process of linking the human resource function in an organization with the strategic objectives of the organization with the aim of improving performance. Strategic resource management like any strategy has a mission, vision, analysis of the environment, formulation of the strategy, strategy implementation and strategy evaluation (Lundy Cowling, 1996). Toyota Motor Corporation has not been left out by this trend. The company has been able to use employees to gain strategic position in the global market. The main areas of focus on human resources for the company are strategic human resource planning and strategic recruitment and selection. These have helped Toyota Motor Corporation to gain a c ompetitive edge in the market (Liker, 2004).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ensuing discussion will show how strategic human resource management and strategic recruitment and selection have helped the company to achieve its business objectives. Toyota Motor Corporation is one of the biggest companies in the automobile industry. It is based in Japan and it offers a wide range of products. The main products for the company include mini vehicles, buses, trucks and other models. The company has subsidiaries which have plants and manufacturing components in most parts of the world. The core business of the company is automotive business which accounts for 90% of the sales for the company annually. Other business activities include telecommunications, manufacturing and selling of leisure boats and pre-fabricated housing. The nature of the operations of Toyota Motor Corporation is labor intensive and this requires a great focus on the human resource management in the company (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2011). It is the policy of Toyota Motor Corporation to manufacture high quality products, satisfy fully the needs of the customer, provide quality service to the society and to maintain market leadership. The company is also committed to improving the environment through reduction of environmental pollution, complying with legal provisions on environmental safety and assisting the general society to make the environment more friendly to the general public (Liker Meier, 2007). How strategic human resource planning and strategic recruitment and selection has helped Toyota Motor Corporation to achieve its business objectives As discussed above, human resources could be used to gain a competitive advantage through achieving business objectives. Toyota Motor Corporation has been able to use its human resources to achieve its objectives. This has been achieved through strategic human resource management and strategic recruitment and selection. Toyota Motor Corporation has various business objectives. One of the business objectives for the company is to improve on quality, enhance efficiency, minimize cost and increase productivity. The company has been striving to manufacture top quality vehicles which suit the needs of the customers (Schuler Jackson, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Toyota Motor Corporation: Strategic Human Resource Planning and Strategic Recruitment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has focused much on its human resource in order to achieve quality, minimize cost, achieve efficiency and attain the other business objectives. It is the belief of the company that the more its employees are satisfied, the more the company will succeed in attaining its objectives. Toyota Motor Corporation uses the Kaizen method for continuous improvement in its production and this makes the focus of the company on human resource of great concern (Liker, 2004). According to Liker (2004), Toyota Motor Corporation has therefore embraced a culture commonly known as the Toyota Way which enhances performance of employees through respect for people and continuous improvement of the employees. The major assumption of Toyota Motor Corporation is that a carefully selected and properly developed workforce will help the company to achieve its business objectives (Liker Meier, 2007). It is important to note that the focus on human resource in Toyota Motor Corporation is engraved in the company’s overall vision and mission statements. The vision statement of the company is â€Å"to be the most respected and successful enterprise, delighting customers with a wide range of products and solutions in the automobile industry with the best people and the best technology† (Toyota Motor Corporation, 2011, p.1). This is enough evidence that the company has put a lot of emphasis on the human resource as a strategic tool in its operations. A big question is whether that focus has helped the company to achieve its objectives or not. The major components of strategic human resource management are strategic human resource planning and strategic recruitment and selection. Strategic human resource planning Strategic human resource planning is described as the process of determining the job requirements and specifications and determining the right employees for the jobs. It also includes determining when to recruit, who to recruit, for what purpose to recruit and how to recruit. There are three major components of strategic human resource planning.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the components is human resource forecasting where an organization determines its future human resource needs. The other component is formulation of a human resource strategy and this involves the mission, vision, objectives and goals for the strategic human resource management. The last component is human resource planning which is integration of the human resource forecasting and strategy formulation (Bandt Haines, 2004). The setting of goals and mission for the human resource management is an important component for strategic human resource management. It ensures that a company knows what it wants in its human resource management. The vision and mission provide a summary of the aspirations of an organization with regard to human resource management. Environmental analysis is another major component of the strategic planning process. This component entails the evaluation of the internal factors as well as the external factors in the job market. This helps an organization t o develop the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats with regard to its workforce. This would help the company to make a good plan to exploit the opportunities and to mitigate the threats. It will also help to lay down plans which ensures that the company strengthens it strengths and eliminated weakness on human resources in the organization. The other component in strategic human resource planning is formulation of the strategy. This involves reviewing the mission and vision, factoring in the external and internal factors and then drawing a list of alternative strategies for human resource management. The best strategy that results to the best outcome is selected and this completes the strategic human resource planning process. A good strategic plan is important since it helps an organization to reduce costs and align the human resource requirements and human resources (Holbeche, 2009). Viewed from another perspective, the strategic human resource planning process entails assessment of the human resource capacity of an organization, forecasting the future human resource needs of the organization, conducting a gap analysis and then developing the strategy to ensure that the organization fills the gaps that exist between the current capacity and future human resource requirements. Assessment of the current human resource capacity ensures that an organization understands what it already has in terms of skills, and abilities of the employees (Bandt Haines, 2004). Forecasting of the human resource requirements in the future is done on the basis of number of employees; the jobs that will emerge that will need to be filled, the sets of skills that will be required and the impact of the external environment on the organization’s human resource requirements. Gap analysis ensures the organization understands what it needs in terms of new jobs, new skills, improvement in existing skills and the strengths of the employees in order to be able to meet the future human resource requirements. After development of the strategic human resource planning, the organization should document the human resource planning well. This documentation outlines the assumptions in the strategic human resource planning and this helps the review of the plan according to changes in either the external or internal environment. The documentation also helps in setting timelines for implementation of various sections of the plan (Holbeche, 2009). A strategic human resource plan ensures that an organization has the right employees who have the right and relevant skills at any time. It also ensures that an organization moves with the trends in technology, economy and legislation which have an impact on human resources. It also ensures that an organization remains flexible to changes in the future that may be different from the expectations. The importance of strategic human resource planning can not be overemphasized (Holbeche, 2009). The main rationale behind strategic human resource planning is to analyze the current position of an organization in terms of human resources, analyze the external factors that affect human resources and then predict the future human resource needs of the organization. Some plans and strategies are fundamental to the success of a strategic human resource management and hey should be considered in developing the strategic human resource plan. These include the workforce planning issues, succession planning, employment equity issues and motivation and fair treatment of the employees. Other important plans are on employee compensation, grading and employee performance review system and career development systems. In essence therefore, strategic human resource planning is the foundation of strategic human resource management and it should be approached with care. All other functions of strategic human resource management find their base in the strategic human resource planning. Toyota Motor Corporation has used strategic human resource planning to a great extend to achieve its business objectives. It is worth noting that the company upholds strategic human resource planning and it appreciates its contributions to the success of the company. The company continuously conducts an audit of its human resources to have a good understanding of the employees in terms of number, the skills of the employees and their values. Furthermore, the company conducts an audit of the external environment in order to understand the trends in the labor market and the general business environment. This put Toyota Motor Corporation in a position to identify the gaps that exist between its current employees and future requirements (Liker, 2004). Toyota Motor Corporation has a great focus on the future requirements in its human resources. This has helped the company to avoid surprises in the future which might affect it negatively in terms of productivity and strategic position. The strategic human resource plan fo r the organization is reviewed from time to time in order to reflect the changes in the market and also changes in the internal factors of the organization. New plans are therefore developed as a follow up on the other plans for the previous periods. There is therefore continuous improvement in the strategic human resource management in the company (Liker Meier, 2007). Strategic human resource planning has helped Toyota Motor Corporation to achieve its business objectives. Through ensuring that the company has enough employees and adequate skills at all the times, the productivity of the company has been enhanced. The good strategic human resource ensures that the company cuts costs in hiring and recruitment and other costs associated with shortage of labor. This has greatly helped the company to achieve the objective of cost minimization. Through ensuring that the human resources have the relevant skills at all the time and that the employees are adequately motivated, the organiza tion has been able to offer quality products to its customers. The company has also been able to achieve efficiency in production. Toyota Motor Corporation has been able to achieve its business objectives through the use of strategic human resource management. Since strategic human resource planning is the foundation of strategic human resource management, it is a logical conclusion that strategic human resource planning has helped Toyota Motor Corporation to achieve its business objectives (Liker Meier, 2007). Strategic recruitment and selection Strategic recruitment and selection of employees is defined as a process of attracting and identifying the best employees who will meet the objectives of a company and help it to achieve its overall business strategy. The basic features for strategic selection and recruitment are strategic integration of the recruitment with the overall business strategy, human resource planning and having in mind a long term perspective. The other seconda ry requirement for strategic selection and recruitment is the use of rigorous evaluation, making a sophisticated selection and involving all stakeholders in the recruitment process (Nankerviss, Compton Morrissey, 2007). Strategic recruitment and selection thus ensures that the company attracts applications from the best potential employees and selects the best suited employees who will contribute towards the business objective of the organization. The selection process must be free and fair, must involve all stakeholders, must have sophisticated selection criteria and it must be based on the strategic human resource planning. This would ensure that the company gets the best employees. Strategic recruitment and selection has several dimensions or aspects. One dimension is that the recruitment and selection process must ensure that the process is well integrated with the strategic human resource strategy and the overall business strategy for the organization (Armstrong, 2000). The ot her dimension is that the organization must ensure that the interests of all the stakeholders are considered. Customers, management, owners, compliance with government regulations and other stakeholder requirements should be considered in the strategic recruitment and selection. The recruitment and selection process should also have a long term and short term strategic target. The process should be able to contribute to business transformation and management of change in the organization. The employees recruited and selected should fit well into the organizational system and should be fit for the specific job in which they are being recruited for. They must possess core values and competencies that are desirable for their performance (Armstrong, 2000). The other fundamental dimension of the strategic recruitment and selection is that the process must incorporate realistic job preview and great emphasis should be put into validation of the recruitment ad reliability models. The metho ds to be used for selection and recruitment should be based solely on fitness of the process for the purpose. Lastly but not least, strategic selection and recruitment aims to ensure that an organization reduces post-recruitment costs which include costs of having to recruit again, retrain recruits and poor performance of recruited employees (Nankerviss, Compton Morrissey, 2007). In Toyota Motor Corporation, the company has adopted strategic recruitment and selection. The company provides its main reason for the recruitment and selection process being to attract applicants and select the best candidate for a given job. The company always makes advertisements with the aim of reaching all the potential labor markets across all the regions. The company has put measure in place to ensure that there is no unlawful discrimination against any potential employee and applicant. The processes used for recruitment and selection are justifiable according to the job position for which the appli cants are being recruited. The recruitment and selection process in Toyota Motor Corporation incorporates all the stakeholders such as the governments, customers, trade unions and others. The company ensures that the tests and interviews administered to potential recruits do not favor or become a disadvantage to any candidate or groups of candidates (Liker, 2004). Strategic recruitment and selection has helped Toyota Motor Corporation to achieve its business objectives. Through strategic recruitment and selection, the company has been able to attract qualified employees who are able to blend well with the values of the organization. The company ensures that it employs people with a sense of quality and this has helped the company to provide top quality products to its customers. The employees of the company have positive values which blend well with the organizational values to enhance efficiency and productivity in the organization. Strategic recruitment and selection has continuou sly ensured that the company employs qualified employees for the jobs in question. This has made the company to achieve its objective of cost minimization. This is because the company avoids costs of having to hire again, costs associated with poor performance of recruits and bad image of the company. The strategic selection and recruitment method has also helped the company to increase its productivity. The process ensures that the company employs self-motivated employees who are qualified and who have knowledge for the job purpose. The employees selected have knowledge on the kaizen method of production which enhances productivity of the company (Liker Meier, 2007). Conclusion Toyota Motor Corporation uses the Kaizen method of production which is commonly referred as the Toyota Way. This method focuses on increasing productivity and minimization of cost through continuous improvement. The business processes of Toyota Motor Corporation are labor intensive and this makes human reso urce a key factor in the organization. The Kaizen system and the just in time production system that have been adopted by Toyota Motor Corporation require the organization to have a good human resource strategy. Employees in an organization which uses the Kaizen method of production should have relevant skills, they should be able to identify and solve problems and they should be well motivated (Schuler Jackson, 2007). The organization has been able to meet its business objects with the help of strategic human resource planning and strategic recruitment and selection which form core components of the overall strategic human resource management. The main business objectives for Toyota Motor Corporation are to minimize costs, increase productivity, enhance quality of its products and enhance efficiency in production. These objectives have been attained by ensuring that the company has a good knowledge of employee requirements and that the recruitment process is aimed at filling the g aps that exist in the human resources of the company (Liker Meier, 2004). References Armstrong, M. (2000). Strategic human resource management: A guide to action. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Bandt, A. Haines, S. (2004). Successful strategic human resource planning. San Diego, SD: Thinking Press. Holbeche, L. (2009). Aligning human resources and business strategy. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Kathy, M. McMackin J. (2001). Designing and aligning an HR system. Human Resource Management Journal, 11(2), 57-72. Liker, J. Meier, D. (2007). Toyota talent: Developing people the Toyota way. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Liker, J. (2004). The Toyota way. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Lundy, O. Cowling, A. (1996). Strategic human resource management. New York, NY: Routledge. Nankervis, A., Compton, R. Morrissey, B. (2007). Effective recruitment and selection practices. Victoria: CCH Australia Limited. Schuler, R. Jackson, S. (2007). Strategic human resource management. London: Wiley-Black well. The Toyota Motor Company. (2011). Toyota. Retrieved from www.toyota.com This critical writing on Toyota Motor Corporation: Strategic Human Resource Planning and Strategic Recruitment was written and submitted by user Jaylen Ochoa to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

SPEAK NOT BUT SPEAK

SPEAK NOT BUT SPEAK Free Online Research Papers Watch the child speechless but speaking; Only a toddler of seven but speaking, The eyes shrunken, the face shrivelled, Doesn’t her silence speak, nor her quietness sleeping; Watch the turquoise sky shimmering in the heat’s shimmer With dark rolling, yet rumble less clouds hovering, Watch it from expense edge of an ocean, Or you sitting lonely on a pedestal, drunk or drunk less All speaking in silence, or is it silently speaking What about the speechless rosemary greening the garden, its memory recovery scent, as if scentless Sitting tiny on the middle of a prowling garden With the power to energise the body’s wireless nerves; Speaking in silence; Does the page you look at speak? Gibberish could be the language you read , Meaningful also it could be, yet it reaches the soul either ways Soul harrowing in its gibberishes or mindboggling in its juiciness What about me, faraway, whose poetry you read; Have I spoken to you, the poem ticking in its voice? Have they heard from me? They will in words Its tone unique, though tongue less; sweetness of it. Research Papers on SPEAK NOT BUT SPEAKQuebec and CanadaHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionMind TravelThe Spring and AutumnThe Fifth HorsemanAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on Children

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Criminal Justice - Essay Example Abu Dhabi has constantly suffered the effects of terrorism that have significantly impacted the social, economic and infrastructural settings across the nation. Over the past short period, the Abu Dhabi government has earned bad reputation, thanks to the continuous terror threats. This problem has made the nation to be classified with other nations facing security issues including, Iraq and Afghanistan. Such is the case that nations presently considered most unsafe keep hitting the media headlines on the negative side. It is for this reason that the law enforcement agencies within the Abu Dhabi government are forced to reconsider a new approach to the security issues. In this case, the government will be needed to implement a all-inclusive policy that will help handle the issue ensuring an environment that supports the socio-economic activities within the country, help restore peace and boost prosperity. As it is today, security issues, both internal and external present a serious is sue for countries across the globe, a case that is not much different with Abu Dhabi case. Social-political challenges are greatly heightened by the Crime-corruption. Ethnicity and sectarian division that are witnessed in many other parts of the world are also pronounced in Abu Dhabi. United Arab Emirates has in the recent past become associated with frequent uprising and rebellions, Abu Dhabi being one of the nations within the league it is no exception. Terrorism is the leading threat to the Abu Dhabi internal security. The issue is made even worse by the fact that it consist of a strong network in which the said terrorists collaborate with the drug cartels and criminal organizations to benefit economically. Following these the security department has worked out strategies to help strengthen the policies on foreign security and thus combat acts of terrorism. The interns working with this department help in

Beowulf and Pride Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Beowulf and Pride - Essay Example He is thus prone too to the spiritual and psychological shortcomings that come with being human. That includes the possibility of becoming proud. In the end, one can say that it was pride that led Beowulf to his death in that combat with the dragon. He has become old. As Hrothgar probably sees in advance, Beowulf’s pride keeps him from seeing his limitations. This being so, he goes to do battle with the dragon on his own at the end of his life. In so doing Beowulf gets killed. Hrothgar’s words, therefore, ring true. At the height of Beowulf’s success, he knows that Beowulf is vulnerable too. He is vulnerable to becoming proud just like all human beings are. As Hrothgar cautions: â€Å"Ban, then, such baleful thoughts, Beowulf dearest, best of men, and the better part choose, profit eternally; and temper thy pride, warrior famous!†. This paper asserts, therefore, that as mortal and flawed, though Beowulf is the strongest and bravest warrior in all the land, he too is vulnerable to the weaknesses of all men, and in particular he is vulnerable to pride. Pride is the downfall of Beowulf. It is important to see that Hrothgar is speaking from the point of view of experience and great wisdom. That wisdom is forged from his own past success and present misfortune of seeing his kingdom devastated by Grendel. He sees that Beowulf is truly remarkable. He is able to do what his best men cannot. Beowulf is able to slay the dragon and also his mother, with his own hands. He is able to do battle with Grendel without using any arms too. Such is his power and his abilities that he is able to do all of this. Moreover, Hrothgar sees that Beowulf is also very popular. His fame has spread very far. In the midst of all these Hrothgar knows that any mortal man will become proud. When he gives out the warning to Beowulf he is not trying to diminish Beowulf’s success. He is trying to protect him in a way from his own weaknesses.

Systemic-Functional Grammar

Systemic-Functional Grammar News is a special approach to report or comment the latest and important facts. Its purpose is to influence the Mass Public Opinion. The definition of the news demonstrates that news is the fact, different from the fabrication of literature. Besides the general characteristics of news, broadcasting news has its own distinct features. This paper analyzes the English broadcasting news from the choice of the process types and the transitivity of the clause by using the transitivity theory for the purpose of discovering the distribution law of the process types of the English broadcasting news text and its genre characteristicsï ¼Å½ Introduction In the 1960s, Halliday, the Professor of linguistics, developed a systematic and comprehensive theory of language, called â€Å"Systemic-Functional Grammar (SFG)†, and published his book An Introduction to Functional Grammar in 1985 and 1994. Many scholars also published a number of books and papers on systemic grammar. The research of Systemic Functional Grammar began in 1970s and became popular in the late 1980s. In Hallidays book An Introduction to Functional Grammar, he says â€Å"the theory on which this description is based, systemic theory follows in the European functional tradition. It is largely based on Firths system-structure theory, but derives more abstract principles from Hjelmslev and owes many ideas to Prague School. The organizing concept is that of the â€Å"system†, which is used essentially in Firths sense of a functional Paradigm but developed into the formal construct of a ‘system network.† (Halliday, 2000:52) SFG has two components: systemic grammar and functional grammar. In Hu Zhuanglins book Linguistics. A course Book, he holds that â€Å"Systemic grammar aims to explain the internal relations in language as a system network, or meaning potential. And this network consists of subsystem from which language users make choices. Functional grammar aims to reveal that language is a means of social interaction, based on the position that language system and the forms that make it up are inescapably determined by the uses or functions which they serve.† (Hu Zhuanglin 2001:409) â€Å"In a functional grammar, on the other hand, the direction is reversed. A language is interpreted as a System of meanings can be realized.† Halliday(1985) â€Å"Functional Grammar aims to reveal that language is a mean of social interaction, based on the position that language system and the forms that make it up are inescapably determined by the uses or functions which they serve.† Hu Zhuanglin(2001) The functions of language are the most important things in Functional Grammar. As the tool of human beings communication, language possesses many different kinds of functions. Halliday divided the functions of language into three types. They are ideational metafunction, interpersonal metafunction, and textual metafunction. In this paper, the emphasis is on ideational metafunction. The ideational metafunction is to organize the speaker or writers experience of the real or imaginary world. It includes experiential function and logical function. The meaning of experiential function is that language expresses peoples experiences in external world (things, events qualities, etc) and internal world (thoughts, beliefs, feelings, etc). What logical function refers to is that language expresses the logical relationship between two or more than two meaning units. Experiential function is chiefly embodied by transitivity and voice. â€Å"†¦ Parallel with its evolution in the function of mood, expressing the active, interpersonal aspect of meaning, the clause evolved simultaneously in another grammatical function expressing the reflective, experiential aspect of meaning. This later is the system of transitivity. Transitivity specifies the different types of process that are recognized in the language, and the structures by which they are expressed.† (Halliday,1985) Transitivity is a semantic system. Its purpose is to divide something around people into several processes involving participants and circumstantial elements. Halliday contents that transitivity includes six processes: (a) Material process. (b) Mental process. (c) Relational process. (d) Behavioral process. (e) Verbal process. (f) Existential process. (a) Material Process: process of doing Material process is a process of doing. The process usually consists of verb, actor (logical subject) and goal (noun or pronoun). Material Processes express the notion that some entity ‘does something- which may be done ‘to some other entity (Halliday, 1985) For example, A fungus destroyed the coffee plant leaves Actor Process Goal (b) Mental Process: process of thinking Mental process is a process of thinking involving perception (see, look), reaction (like, fear) and cognition (knowing, believing, and understanding) and so on. Mental process has two participants: sensor and phenomenon. Sensor refers to the person who perceives and phenomenon is the something that is perceived by the sensor. Phenomenon includes concrete person or objects, abstract things, happened events and so on. For example, He saw the whole room. Sensor Process Phenomenon (c) Relational Process: process of being Relational process is a process of being. Actually, relational process is a very complex type of process, which covers the many different ways that ‘being is expressed (Eggins 1994). However, in this analysis, we only refer two simple types, they are attributive process and identifying process. In the attributive process, the participants are attribute and carrier. For example, Her face was a bloated spotty mask. Carrier Process Attribute In the identifying process, the participants are identified and identifier. This car is hers. Identified Process Identifier (d) Behavioral Process: process of behaving Behavioral process is a process of behaving, such as breathe, dream, smile, laugh, cry, and cough. The basic components of the process are â€Å"behaver† and â€Å"process†. This point is similar to the mental process, but different from the material process. Bloor and Bloor (1995) described behavioral process as the grey area between Material and Mental processes. She cried loudly. Behaver Process Circumstantial (e) Verbal Process: process of saying Verbal process is a process of saying. â€Å"Saying† has to be interpreted in a rather broad sense; it covers any kind of symbolic exchange of meaning. The verbal words are â€Å"tell, say, talk, describe, boast, praise†. The verbalization itself is called the verbiage. The informants told the police everything Sayer Process Receiver Verbiage (f) Existential Process: process of existing Existential process is a process of existing. In every existential process, it must have an â€Å"Existent†. â€Å"There† has no representational function. There are ten of us in the party. Process Existent Circumstance Generally speaking, most of the processes representing descriptive meaning are the relational, existential process and the mental processes. However, most of the processes representing narrative meaning are material processes. â€Å"Voice is the ways in which a language expresses the relationship between a verb and the noun phrases which are associated with it. Two sentences can differ in voice and yet have the same basic meaning. However, there may be a change in emphasis and one type of sentence may be more appropriate.† (Jack C.Richards, John Platt and Heidi Platt, 2000) It is represented commonly by active voice and passive voice. In order to make the structure of the text reasonable and the context consistent, speakers or writers need to do an appropriate choice to the voice. Approach to Analyze the Text According to Huang Guowen, SFG is more suitable for analyzing a text. The reasons for it lie below. First, SFG is a text grammar, which means this kind of grammar can describe how the use of language. In this way, the meaning of the text can be understood clearly. Second, in SFG, functions of language are divided into three metafunction. The description of the systemic network of the three metafunction is quite clear. Thus, the application of the framework of SFG to analyze a text can avoid evaluating at will. Choice of Text The text chosen for analysis is from BBC Broadcasting news on its website on Thursday, 2 July, 2009. This news report can be heard in the air and its transcription is on BBC website after the reporter made an interview with Alain Bouillard, of Frances BEA accident investigation agency. This news is written in English originally, so when I picked it up, I made no translation. Whats more, this piece of news is completely authentic in that it is not edited or used for the purpose of language teaching. Context of Situation Definition of context: It is immediate environment of language activity, which is time, place, talking content, the relation among people related to transfer communicational meanings. Halliday and Hasan (1985) divided context of situation into three parts: field, tenor and mode. (a) Field refers to what is being talked about, what is it that the participants are engaged in, in which the language s as some essential components. This chosen news report is talking about the result of investigation of the France air crash. Most of the contents are from an officer, in this way, the media wants to give the public an authoritative explanation of the investigation process. (b) Tenor refers to the people involved in the communication and the relationship between them. What kinds of role relationships obtain among the participants, including permanent and temporary relationships of one kind or another, both the types of speech role that they are taking on in the dialogue and the whole cluster of socially significant relationships in which they refer to. Here the participants are the news writers or editors and the listeners of the radio or visitors or ‘readers of the websites. (c) Mode refers to how the language is functioning in the interaction, e.g. whether it is written or spoken. As for the chosen news report, its main purpose is to read to the listeners. Therefore, the language usage is rather simple and oral, which is to reduce the burden of listeners. Text Air France jet broke on impact Brazilian military personnel retrieve part of the Air France plane from the Atlantic Ocean (08 June 2009) Search teams recovered 51 bodies from the crash area â‘  French investigators trying to find out why an Air France plane crashed in the Atlantic say they believe it broke up on contact with water, not in the air. â‘ ¡They also found that the planes speed sensors had been a factor but not the cause of the crash. â‘ ¢All 228 people on the plane were killed when it plunged into the ocean en route from Rio de Janeiro to Paris on 1 June. â‘ £Teams looking for the planes flight data recorders will continue operations for another 10 days. â‘ ¤Alain Bouillard, of Frances BEA accident investigation agency, said the crash had been an extremely difficult one to understand. â‘ ¥Between the surface of the water and 35,000ft [10,700m], we dont know what happened, Mr Bouillard said. â‘ ¦In the absence of the flight recorders, it is extremely difficult to draw conclusions. Table 2 Type of Transitivity Material Mental Relational Verbal Behavioral Existential Total 3 0 1 3 0 0 Percentage 43% 0 14% 43% 0 0 In the news above, the most processes are verbal and material process, and with only one relational process and zero existential, behavior and mental process. Generally speaking, a certain text usually contains many different kinds of transitivity process, especially material process. Hu Zhuanglin contents that people living in a material world, ‘doormake is the primary and basis, only with this can human beings hold other physiological feature to proceed other process. In this piece of news, material process takes up 43%, which is quite high in total. According to Halliday, What experiential function is that language expresses peoples experiences in external world (things, events qualities, etc) and internal world (thoughts, beliefs, feelings, etc). News is the record of the fact, is the response to the fact. News without fact is not news, news without fact or truth cannot be good news. The theory of the news writing is objectively reporting and speaking with the fact. In this news, material process takes up such a high proportion, which is just right to obey the rules that news is due to truth or fact. However, one certain process occurs more frequently is one of the factors to form the feature of a text. Halliday classes the Process Material, Mental and Relational as major process and the others as minor. The verbal process that originally belongs to the less important process in this news takes up 43%, which is the highest of all. Verbal process is a process of saying; the saying is to exchange information. Broadcasting news as a tool of media has a responsibility to transmit information to the public. It is not difficult to find out that the transitivity process of this piece of news lays particular stress on verbal process. According to other statistics I find out in another 10 pieces of BBC news show that verbal process occurs quite high in broadcasting texts. In the total 172 sentences, there are 56 verbal process, occupying 32%, only a little lower than material process. In some certain broadcasting news (such as above), verbal process equals even overruns material process. To some extent, the distribution of transitivity of discourse has a regular discipline. Whats more, the discipline has something to do with the genre of the discourse. Now we will have a further study of the news above. There are seven sentences in the news, and they are divided into separated process, each sentence and its belonging process is in the tables below. â‘   Verbal Process French investigators trying to find out why an Air France plane crashed in the Atlantic say they believe it broke up on contact with water, not in the air Sayer Process Verbiage â‘ ¡Material process They also found that the planes speed sensors had been a factor but not the cause of the crash. Actor Process Goal â‘ ¢Material Process All 228 people on the plane were killed when it plunged into the ocean en route from Rio de Janeiro to Paris on 1 June Goal Process Circumstance â‘ £ (Material Process) Teams looking for the planes flight data recorders will continue Operations for another 10 days Actor Process Goal Circumstance â‘ ¤ (Verbal Process) Alain Bouillard, of Frances BEA accident investigation agency said the crash had been an extremely difficult one to understand. Sayer Process Reported â‘ ¥ (Verbal Process) â€Å"Between the surface of the water and 35,000ft [10,700m], we dont know what happened† Mr. Bouillard Said Reported Sayer Process â‘ ¦ (Relational Process) In the absence of the flight recorders it Is extremely difficult to draw conclusions Circumstance Identified Process Identifier In the news above, there are four sentences involved in verbal process. The first one as a headline lays essential place in the whole passage. Headline is a conclusion and extract of the main event. In a news report, choosing the words from an authority that responsible for the investigation of the accident is absolutely the best choice. In fact, so did the writer do. Then, to report the process of the investigation, the writer chose to use material process in that Material Process is to narrate the real world. In the second and the forth Material Process sentences, the French investigators (referred to ‘They and ‘the team in the news) are main participants. They found, they continue operations, the using the investigators to be the main participants in the continuous two material process , on one hand can make sure of the continuity of the news report, on the other hand, this news report is mainly to report the situations and opinions from investigators. In this way, pu t the words from the investigators in an essential place can illustrate the most important content of the news in front of the listeners, which is the main responsibility of a successful news report. In the second material process, the writer chose the passive voice to emphasize the victims of this accident. In this material process, these 228 people on the plane had no hope to be survived. When listening to here, we have realized something about the result of the rescue activity. Then the Material Process is finished, and led to Verbal Process. In the following 2 Verbal Materials, the contents of the speech are all from Mr. Bouillard, who is from Frances BEA accident investigation agency. By his words, the writer told the readers that the reason for the airplane accident was still unsolved and it could be a difficult task to find out clearly. The writer chose to quote the words from the investigation agency is to make sure the reliability and the depth of the news report. Whats mor e, it also can tell readers the resource of the news report, which is from the authority. Mr Bouillard, he is an officer from BEA accident investigation agency, is the direct participant of the whole survey, in that way, he could hold one-hand results of the whole search. In most cases, when an accident happens or a research being preceded, a news reporter may not be involved directly or witness at spot. Most of the report resources are due to interview afterwards. If we can contact the direct participants or the direct researchers in a research such as in this case, it will make a more vivid atmosphere for listeners or readers, and adding the reliability as well. News reports usually get the aid from the participants, the witness of the event or the people from authorities to give a hint or proclaim the resource of the news. Nevertheless, we could also see that in a news report there exists report from a reporter, which in another way explains the reason why there are more verbal processes in a news report. We can have a further look of the verbal material 1,5,7. In these three verbal material, the writer chose say, said, said, all of which are variations from say. They are very simple and oral. This is because in a broadcasting news report, the main method is to make audience listen. Broadcasting should transmit the most information in a limited period of time, so that the words chosen from broadcasting news report should be simple and near to daily life, avoiding adding burden to listeners. In fact, in this broadcasting news report, the sentence structure used are quite simple, the words chosen are rather succinct, and without many complex clauses. When it comes to the tenses used in this news report, we can find out there are not any complex tenses, just simple past and simple in turn. In the whole news report, the material process states the main fact, and the verbal process proclaims the resource of the news, and to move forward to supply and illustrate the main event. In this news report, the material process and the verbal process occur in turn, and hold different duties each other. The structure of this news report makes it active and filled with variations. The words from the authority from different ways can explain the reason why they still cannot find out the reason for the airplane accident immediately. In a word, it is a successful news report to tell audience the process of the investigation of the air crush. Conclusion In this paper, Hallidays transitivity theory and the types of transitivity have been used to analyze a piece of news report from BBC. It is found that there is a distribution law of the process types in the English broadcasting news text; Verbal Process is one of the features that form the news text. It is also illustrated that broadcasting news has its own characteristics; such as the tendency to be oral, most of sentences are short, the roughly narration that can be easy to read aloud, etc. This analysis proves that the application of functional grammar in discourse analysis is practical and operable. By the transitivity theory to analysis a discourse, it can help to seize the essence and features of a text. In addition, it can also promote to understand the connotation of a discourse. Bibliography Bloor. T and M. Bloor. 1995. The Functional Analysis of English: A Hallidayan Approach. London: Arnold Eggins, S. 1994. An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Pinter Publishers Halliday, M.A.K. and R. Hasan. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman. Halliday M.A.K. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold. Halliday,M.K.A. 2000 An Introduction to Functional Grammar, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. Hu Zhuanglin 2001 Linguistics, A course Book Beijing: Beijing University Huang Guowen 2002 Discourse and Language Functions Beijing: FLTRP Thompson, G. 1996. Introducing Functional Grammar. London: Arnold

Sex as a Means of Agency Essay -- Aristophanes Female Women Essays

Sex as a Means of Agency â€Å"A woman’s harder to conquer than any beast, than fire, and no panther is quite so ferocious.† (Aristophanes 1058) Life for an Athenian woman was marked by her daily occupation to the household and its occupants. This was the sphere of life where she was able to exert the most power and maintain a certain degree of agency. Her domestic duties included attendance to her husband, and his sexual needs. In the comic portrayal of women in Lysistrata, Aristophanes exploits this domestic power to create a scenario where â€Å"the harsh and intractable realities of life, politics and international aggression are transformed so that wives manage to overcome husbands, love conquers war, insignificant citizens manage to discredit powerful ones† (Henderson 36). Aristophanes manipulates the Athenian reality by operating on common stereotypes of women, adding to the comic element but also highlighting the gaping gender division that existed in everyday life. In this comic utopian ideal, women are able to overcome their lack of agency in the public sphere by juxtaposing their domestic (primarily sex ual) power with the general polis. It is important to note that in ancient literary portrayals of women, men depict women according to their perceptions and the common social stereotypes. Although this may, in some cases, create a certain amount of discrepancy between the depiction of women and their actual life, it can still be a beneficial tool to understand their attitudes and struggles. As Henderson writes, â€Å"†¦even by itself the male view is interesting: it enables us to study the rules and roles that men created for women and to glimpse the desires and fears that prompted their enforcement† (20). In Atheni... ...ikely that one of women’s foremost complaints would be their invisibility in the public sphere. Therefore, although this comedic piece is clearly an exaggeration of reality, it is a useful tool in understanding the lives of women in the Athenian period. Aristophanes mirrors and manipulates Athenian reality as he portrays women and men through the comedic lens. In the case of Lysistrata, he incorporates common stereotypes and current institutions of power into a plot that not only puts women in a position of power, but also delineates them as the protagonists in forming a well-functioning polis. As this reflects the women’s role in maintaining a respectable household, he manifests their domestic agency on a higher level as a collective â€Å"mothering† of Athenian society where the entire polis is analogous to a household managed by competent and sensible women.

Thomas Jefferson Biography

Biography of Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States, is recognized for his many accomplishments during the 18th century. Not only was he a president, but Jefferson was the author of The Declaration of Independence, a founding father of the United States, and the founder of the University of Virginia. Jefferson was a brilliant political writer who used his writing skills to separate the United States of America from Great Britain and to protect the rights of man.Jefferson addresses these rights in the declaration when he says, â€Å"All men are created equal and there are certain unalienable rights that governments should never violate. These rights include the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,† (Jefferson, 1. ) These words are popular and have historical meaning. On April 13th, 1734 in Shadwell, Virginia, Thomas Jefferson was born to the parents Jane and Peter Jefferson. Shadwell is a town just outside of Charlottesville . His mother, Jane Randolph Jefferson, was from a family that claimed to be descended from English and Scottish royalty (â€Å"Thomas Jefferson†).His father, Peter Jefferson, was a skilled surveyor and cartographer, which meant that he studied and practiced making maps as well as accurately determined the three-dimensional position of points. Peter produced the first accurate map of the province of Virginia. Perhaps young Jefferson got inspiration from his father. Jefferson had five siblings. He had two older sisters, two younger sisters, and one younger brother. He lived in a very busy household. As a child, Jefferson spent his free time practicing the violin and reading books. At the age of twenty four, Jefferson married Martha Jefferson.They were both from plantation families and it is believed that they were introduced to each other by mutual friends. Thomas fell for the young American girl’s education and interest in music (â€Å"Thomas Jefferson†). Togethe r they had six children, but only two lived to be adults. After many wonderful years married, illness fell upon Martha and she passed away on September 6th, 1782. Jefferson made a promise to her that he would never remarry. After her death, he spent three weeks mourning in his library. In a period of seclusion, Jefferson explained in his autobiography that he felt like a part of him had died after she passed (Jefferson, 42).Later on in life, Jefferson had an affair with slave-girl Sally Hemings. There isn’t much information on this story, but there was DNA proof that he fathered her child. (â€Å"Jefferson – Hemings†). Thomas Jefferson began his education at a very young age. At the age of five, his father placed him in an English school and he was attending Latin school by age nine. The Latin school was conducted by Reverend William Douglas (Beran, 78). In 1758, Jefferson attended the school of Reverend James Maury. He described Reverend Maury as â€Å"a corre ct, classical scholar† (Jefferson, 29. He later attended the College of William and Mary at the age of seventeen in Williamsburg. It was there that Jefferson began his law studies with George Wythe. Jefferson received and unofficial political and cultural education from him. For two years, Jefferson studied primarily with George Wythe and Dr. William Small. He said that Dr. Small taught him a vast majority what he knew about politics. Over the seven years of study spent at Williamsburg, Jefferson culminated in the practice of law, but without any degree. Thomas Jefferson was also strongly influenced by the political philosophy of the Enlightenment and also from John Locke.Thomas Jefferson was not a good public speaker, but that didn’t stop him from expressing his opinions of politics. In his early writing years, Jefferson mostly wrote political letters (Skarmeas, 66). His earliest published work is The Declaration of Independence. He began drafting The Declaration of In dependence after British troops had attempted to confiscate American ammunition stores and capture patriot leaders in these towns (â€Å"Reasons for the Declaration†). The continental congress met in September of 1774 to pick a committee responsible for drafting it. Jefferson was the delegate chosen to write the important document.The Declaration of Independence was written as a letter to King George III hoping for reconciliation. The committee met several time to discuss ideas and think of what they wanted to be addressed in the document. Like most people who write something, he had to first make a rough draft (â€Å"The Declaration of Independence†). Jefferson, by himself, drafted a rough copy of the declaration. He worked on it for two and a half weeks. Only minor changes were made to his draft before it was finalized. The Declaration of Independence became Jefferson’s most popular work.This was such an important document because it formally declared that the thirteen colonies of North America were free and independent from British control (â€Å"Reasons for the Declaration†). It served as the basis for the American Revolution. It began the formation of the federal government and a new United States of America. The Declaration of Independence was released to the public on July 4th, 1776. As time went by, the ideas of Jefferson’s words â€Å"all men are created equal† grew in importance. Northern states used them to free slaves in their states. Abraham Lincoln used equal rights to justify the Civil War (Bernstein, 156).He soon became the governor of Virginia. Jefferson also because the vice President of the United States. To occupy his times during his four years as vice president, Jefferson authored A Manual of Parliamentary. This was one of the most useful guides to legislative proceedings ever written, and served as the president of the American Philosophical Society. After Jefferson’s time as vice presiden t, he became the third President of the United States. As president, Jefferson accomplished many things, including the Louisianna Purchase (Beran, 73). This greatly expanded the size of the country.After his presidency, Jefferson settled down. His tone of writing remained the same as before though. He was still straight forward political writer who expressed his opinions through letters and documents. Jefferson did, however, write an autobiography describing his accomplishments and life journeys. He began writing this is 1821. The last thing that was written by Thomas Jefferson was a letter addressed to Roger C (â€Å"Thomas Jefferson†). In this letter, Jefferson thanks him for inviting him to the celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of The Declaration of Independence.He said that he was happy and hopes that the celebration serves as a reminder of the rights he had originally written about. At the end of the letter, Jefferson apologized for having to reject his invitation because of his health conditions. Thomas Jefferson lived a very eventful and successful life. In 1818, his health began rapidly declining. He was diagnosed with kidney failure and many other age related diseases (â€Å"Thomas Jefferson, a Brief Biography†). His death was mainly caused by a combination of a few things. One thing that contributed to his death was exhaustion from diarrhea. Another contributor was toxemia from a kidney infection.Uremia from kidney damage and orthostatic old-age pneumonia also added to Jefferson’s declining health. He was bed-ridden and eventually died on July 4th, 1826 in Charlottesville, Virginia. The date of his death is ironic because it was the same day as the anniversary of The Declaration of Independence. Jefferson might have lived longer under modern medical care (Bernstein, 187). Jefferson leaves behind a legacy that will always be talked about. He will forever be revered as one of the great American Founding Fathers. He was a spok esman of liberty, but had also been viewed as a racist slave owner.He was a president who expanded government authority beyond the wildest visions of his predecessors. Jefferson is a symbol for the nation he helped create. After he died, he was buried in the family cemetery at Monticello. The cemetery is located in Virginia and Jefferson’s grave is surrounded by metal fences. Beran, Michael Knox. Jefferson’s Semons: Portrait of a Restless Mind. New York City: Free Press, 2003. Print. Bernstein, R. B. Thomas Jefferson. Oxford: University Press, 2003. Print. Skarmeas, Nancy. Thomas Jefferson. Nashville: Ideals Publications Incorporated, 1998. Print. Jefferson, Thomas.Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson. New York City: Dover Publications, 2007. Print. â€Å"Thomas Jefferson. † International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. New York City: Macmillan Library Reference, 2008. Print. â€Å"Thomas Jefferson. † The Biography Channel Online. n. p. n. d. Web. 17 Ma y. 2009. â€Å"Thomas Jefferson, a Brief Biography. † Monticello Online. n. p. n. d. Web. 7 September. 1993. â€Å"Reasons for the Declaration. † History King. n. p. n. d. Web. 14 March. 1999. â€Å"The Declaration of Independence. † America’s Library. n. p. n. d. Web. 24 April. 2000. â€Å"Jefferson – Hemings. † Monticello Online. n. p. n. d. Web. 4 August. 1993.Related Photo This is a picture of the sign at the Monticello Graveyard located in Virginia. The photo relates to Thomas Jefferson because the Monticello Graveyard is also known as the Jefferson Cemetery. The cemetery sits behind and slightly down the mountain, hidden from the plantation's daily life. Something of a disappointment was the fact that the locked wrought iron fence prohibited visitors from paying homage to the great man and his family. Somehow it felt as if we were being banned from his world. Thomas Jefferson was buried in this cemetery along with many other members of the Jefferson family. Literary InterpretationOne of the most recognized and most popular documents in American history is The Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Second Continental Congress, was the start of a new beginning for the United States of America. The declaration is a letter to the King of Great Britain, George III. The declaration states the reasons for the British colonies wanting independence. It explains why the colonies have overthrown their ruler. Thomas Jefferson addresses specific details for their reasoning as well as expressing his opinions of the governmental structure.Jefferson uses his strong political writing skills and his knowledge on politics to the colonies’ problems with other nations of the world. Thomas Jefferson’s purpose for writing The Declaration of Independence was to express his ideas for a better society and to help the colonies become free at the same time. â€Å"But  when a  long train  of  abuses  and  usurpations,  pursuing invariably  the  same Object evinces  a  design  to  reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is  their right, it is  their duty, to  throw off such Government, and to  provide new Guards  for their future security,† (Jefferson 1).This sentence of The Declaration of Independence shows Jefferson expressing how he feels about being treated wrong. Thomas Jefferson and other members of the Second Continental Congress wanted to use the declaration to expose the abuses to the other nations of the world. They wanted to justify the action of congress by blaming the rapture on King George III. The abuses that Jefferson is discussing are the abuses that King George III has applied to the colonies of Northern America. The abuses were a result of the king’s desire of creating a tyrannical government in America.The foundation of representative government is the power of the pe ople to make laws for the public good (â€Å"Reasons for the Declaration†). King George III interfered with that process by rejecting legislation proposed by the colonies, dissolving colonial bodies or representation, replacing colonial governments with his appointed ministers, and interfering with the naturalization of citizens in new regions. King George III extended his tyrannical control by interfering with the objective judicial processes and the civil rights of the colonies (â€Å"The Declaration of Independence†).Jefferson then uses this to create a list of unalienable rights that should be applied to everyone. â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident,  that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness,† (Jefferson 1). Jefferson addresses that if any form of government becomes destructive of the ends, it is the right of the people t o alter or to abolish it, laying its foundation in the belief of these rights.Jefferson uses these to lay down a basic structure of the government he want and how the people of this society should be treated. Of the abuses that were mentioned, Jefferson devoted approximately one-fourth of the abuses in his original draft of the  Declaration of Independence  to the topic of slavery. Jefferson held the King accountable for maintaining and protecting slavery as an institution in the colonies. Not surprisingly, the moderate congress, already fearful of being too radical, removed all references to slavery from the document.It remains a source of historical debate why a slave-owning man like Jefferson would have devoted so much intellectual energy to criticizing slavery and to attempting to remove it from the colonies. Jefferson thought that slavery was contrary to the laws of nature, which decreed that everyone had a right to personal liberty. These views were radical in a world wher e unfree labor was the norm. Jefferson spends so much time writing about slavery because he does not approve of it and he does not want to incorporate it in the society and government that he is aiming towards.It is clear that Thomas Jefferson wrote The Declaration of Independence to help the thirteen original colonies to become free from British control. The Declaration of Independence has much deeper meaning than just that, though. Jefferson uses the document to express exactly how he feels about the political structure of a country. From this point on, people should look at The Declaration of Independence as the guidelines and rules to how a country should be run and how the citizens of that country should be treated. Jefferson, Thomas. â€Å"Declaration of Independence,† The American Experience.New York City: Prentice Hall, 2002. Print. â€Å"Reasons for the Declaration. † History King. n. p. n. d. Web. 14 March. 1999. â€Å"The Declaration of Independence. † America’s Library. n. p. n. d. Web. 24 April. 2000. List of Authors Works 1. A Summary View of the Rights of British America 2. Draft of Constitution for Virginia 3. Original Rough Draft of the Declaration of Independence 4. Draft of Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 5. Wall of Separation Letter 6. Manual of Parliamentary Practice 7. Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson Persuasive Essay Thomas Jefferson is an important figure in American history.He was one of the American Founding Fathers, the third president of the United States, and an original American politician. Thomas Jefferson is an important American author and should be taught in an English curriculum. Learning about Thomas Jefferson in an English class can teach students about his influence on early American government structures as well as the history of the thirteen original British colonies. It can also teach students about his progress and developments as an American Founding Father. Thomas Jefferson matters in Americ an literature because he is one of America’s original politicians.Thomas Jefferson is an American forefather. Not only did he write the Declaration of Independence, he was Virginia’s representative to the first Continental Congress, the governor of Virginia and the third president of the United States. As a president, Jefferson accomplished many things. He allowed the Alien and Sedition acts to end without renewal and also had the tax on liquor repealed (â€Å"Thomas Jefferson†). In 1803, Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory from France for $15 million. This is considered the most important act of his administration.All of these things are important because it teaches the history of our country and Thomas Jefferson contributed to the history. Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence can teach students about how America’s thirteen original British colonies became independent from King George III. If the Declaration of Independence was a ssigned to students, it would teach them the reasons for America wanting to become free from British rule. They would learn how King George III treated the thirteen colonies and what they wanted for their governmental structure.It also teaches the unalienable rights the Jefferson included in the declaration (â€Å"Reasons for the Declaration†). As a champion of civil liberties, Jefferson valued reason above faith. This is much different from other philosophers during his time because they were the complete opposite. Learning about Jefferson’s political beliefs teaches students how he used politics to make his decisions. He was a strong supporter of the ideals of the Enlightenment. Those ideals are reason, liberty and equality (Bernstein, 98). He believed that these ideals should be used to govern nations.He put his beliefs into his writings and into the Declaration of Independence. Many people think that Jefferson should not be taught in an English curriculum because h e favored slavery and was a slave owner himself. But while Jefferson was vocally opposed to slavery, and even passed the Act to Prohibit the Importation of Slaves during his second term as president,  he was a slave owner and believed that black people were inferior to white people. For some, this is cause enough to dismiss Jefferson as someone for whom history has inflated their reputation, but he was a man of his time and was subject to the cultural beliefs of that time.In truth, Jefferson was instrumental in the America of today, the America that values equality and liberty and freedom. Jefferson’s actions and philosophy shaped the  ideals  of America. In fact, for America to revisit the teachings of Jefferson might be wise. In conclusion, Thomas Jefferson should be taught in English classes. Jefferson is important to American history and shaped our country. â€Å"Thomas Jefferson. † International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. New York City: Macmillan L ibrary Reference, 2008. Print. Bernstein, R. B. Thomas Jefferson. Oxford: University Press, 2003. Print. â€Å"Reasons for the Declaration. History King. n. p. n. d. Web. 14 March. 1999. Annotated Bibliography Beran, Michael Knox. Jefferson’s Semons: Portrait of a Restless Mind. New York City: Free Press, 2003. Print. From this source, I got information about Thomas Jefferson’s education and about his life after becoming a president. I used this information in my biography essay and cited in twice. I found this book to be very helpful and it provided a vast amount of information. Bernstein, R. B. Thomas Jefferson. Oxford: University Press, 2003. Print. From this book, I got information about Thomas Jefferson’s work on The Declaration of Independence and on his death.I used this information in both my biography essay and in my persuasive essay. It provided a lot of information that I was able to use and I feel like it was a very reliable source. Skarmeas, Nancy. Thomas Jefferson. Nashville: Ideals Publications Incorporated, 1998. Print. From this book, I got information on Jefferson’s early political letters and writing. This book provided examples of his political letters and details explaining them. I used this information on the Early Writing Career portion of the biography essay. This source was very helpful. Jefferson, Thomas.Autobiography of Thomas Jefferson. New York City: Dover Publications, 2007. Print. From this autobiography, I got information on every aspect of Jefferson’s life. I used this information in all three essays. This source provided the most accurate and reliable information since it was written by Thomas Jefferson himself. â€Å"Thomas Jefferson. † International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. New York City: Macmillan Library Reference, 2008. Print. From this online encyclopedia, I obtained information on Jefferson’s early life. I used this information in my biography essay.There was n’t that much information from this source, but what I found was very reliable. â€Å"Thomas Jefferson. † The Biography Channel Online. n. p. n. d. Web. 17 May. 2009. From this source, I found a lot of information on Thomas Jefferson’s early life and his writing of The Declaration of Independence. I used this information in all three essays. This source offered a lot of information that I didn’t find anywhere else. â€Å"Thomas Jefferson, a Brief Biography. † Monticello Online. n. p. n. d. Web. 7 September. 1993. From this source, I got information of Thomas Jefferson’s death.I used this information in my biography essay. This source offered very little information. â€Å"Reasons for the Declaration. † History King. n. p. n. d. Web. 14 March. 1999. This source offered information about why The Declaration of Independence was written. I found use of this source in all three of my essays. This source offered a lot of detailed a lot of d etailed information. It was a very reliable source. â€Å"The Declaration of Independence. † America’s Library. n. p. n. d. Web. 24 April. 2000. This source offered information about the Declaration of Independence.I used the information from this source on the literary interpretation and biography essays. This source offered very straight forward facts and information that I found to be quite helpful. â€Å"Jefferson – Hemings. † Monticello Online. n. p. n. d. Web. 4 August. 1993. This source gave me information about Thomas Jefferson’s affair with slave-girl Sally Hemings. I used this information on my biography essay when I talked about the affair. This source had the most information about the affair. I found this source to be very useful. Jefferson, Thomas. â€Å"Declaration of Independence,† The American Experience. New York City:Prentice Hall, 2002. Print. This source is what I did my literary interpretation on. I found it to be very easy to interpret and it also provided some information that I could’ve used in my persuasive essay. â€Å"Thomas Jefferson Family Cemetery. † Carol House Online. n. p. n. d. 17 February. 2007. This source is where I got the cemetery picture from. All I got from this source was the picture. It was a good source. â€Å"Thomas Jefferson on Politics and Government. † Faculty Online. n. p. n. d. 7 May. 1996. This source is where I got the cover picture from. All I got from this source was the picture. It was a good source.